PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

Kirsten Wisborg

Publications and source records attributed to Kirsten Wisborg.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Cigarette smoking during pregnancy and hyperactive-distractible preschooler's: a follow-up study.

AIM: To study the association between intrauterine exposure to tobacco smoke and behavioural disorders in preschool children, primarily symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity but also hostile-aggressive and anxious-fearful symptoms. METHODS: We conducted a follow-up study in 1355 singletons born to Danish-speaking mothers. Information on smoking habits during pregnancy and other lifestyle factors was obtained from self-administered questionnaires filled in during second and third trimester. Approximately 3.5 years later, the parents provided information on their child's behaviour using the self-administered Preschool Behaviour Questionnaire. The children were categorized into three not mutually exclusive behaviour groups: hyperactive - distractible (13.6%), hostile-aggressive (4.6%), and anxious-fearful (6.4%) children. RESULTS: Compared with children of non-smokers, children born to women who smoked 10 or more cigarettes per day had a 60% increased risk of hyperactivity and distractibility perceived by the parents (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.0-2.3; P < 0.05). The results were adjusted for maternal lifestyle factors and socioeconomic characteristics. Additional adjustment for perinatal factors and parental psychiatric hospitalization did not change the results substantially (OR 1.7; 95% CI 1.1-2.6). We found no statistically significant association between maternal smoking in pregnancy and hostile-aggressive and anxious-fearful behaviour in the offspring. CONCLUSION: Exposure to tobacco smoke in utero was associated with hyperactive-distractible behaviour in preschool children.

Child Behavior Disorders↗
PubMed2005

Pre-pregnancy weight and the risk of stillbirth and neonatal death.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and the risk of stillbirth and neonatal death and to study the causes of death among the children. DESIGN: Cohort study of pregnant women receiving routine antenatal care in Aarhus, Denmark. SETTING: Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark, 1989-1996. POPULATION: A total of 24,505 singleton pregnancies (112 stillbirths, 75 neonatal deaths) were included in the analyses. METHODS: Information on maternal pre-pregnancy weight, height, lifestyle factors and obstetric risk factors were obtained from self-administered questionnaires and hospital files. We classified the population according to pre-pregnancy BMI as underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m(2)), normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m(2)), overweight (BMI 25-29.9 kg/m(2)) and obese (BMI 30.0 kg/m(2) or more). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Stillbirth and neonatal death and causes of death. RESULTS: Maternal obesity was associated with a more than doubled risk of stillbirth (odds ratio = 2.8, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.5-5.3) and neonatal death (odds ratio = 2.6, 95% CI: 1.2-5.8) compared with women of normal weight. No statistically significantly increased risk of stillbirth or neonatal death was found among underweight or overweight women. Adjustment for maternal cigarette smoking, alcohol and caffeine intake, maternal age, height, parity, gender of the child, years of schooling, working status and cohabitation with partner did not change the conclusions, nor did exclusion of women with hypertensive disorders or diabetes mellitus. No single cause of death explained the higher mortality in children of obese women, but more stillbirths were caused by unexplained intrauterine death and fetoplacental dysfunction among obese women compared with normal weight women. CONCLUSION: Maternal obesity more than doubled the risk of stillbirth and neonatal death in our study. The present and other studies linking maternal obesity to an increased risk of severe adverse pregnancy outcomes emphasise the need for public interventions to prevent obesity in young women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Smoking during pregnancy and the risk for hyperkinetic disorder in offspring.

OBJECTIVE: Maternal smoking during pregnancy may increase the risk for behavioral disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between smoking during pregnancy and hyperkinetic and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the offspring in a large population-based study. METHODS: This study was designed as a nested case-control study. Data were obtained from Danish longitudinal registers and included 170 children with hyperkinetic disorder and 3765 population-based control subjects, who were matched by age, gender, and date of birth. Potential confounders, including newborn characteristics, socioeconomic status, and family history of psychiatric illnesses, were evaluated by conditional logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: Women who smoked during pregnancy had a 3-fold increased risk for having offspring with hyperkinetic disorder compared with nonsmokers. Socioeconomic factors and history of mental disorder in the parents or siblings seemed to confound the result to some extent (adjusted relative risk: 1.9; 95% confidence interval: 1.3-2.8). Adjustment for parental age or exclusion of children with low birth weight (<2500 g), preterm delivery (<37 weeks completed gestation), and Apgar scores <7 at 5 minutes revealed no changes in the results. Also, excluding children with conduct disorders or comorbid disorders revealed no change in the results. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed an increased risk for hyperkinetic disorder in children of mothers who smoked during pregnancy. This could not be explained by newborn characteristics, parental socioeconomic status, family history of psychiatric hospitalizations or contact as outpatients, conduct disorders, or comorbidity.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed2005

Prenatal exposure to cigarettes, alcohol, and coffee and the risk for febrile seizures.

OBJECTIVE: Febrile seizure is a common type of seizure in childhood, probably caused by both genetic and early environmental factors. Little is known about the effect of environmental factors that operate in prenatal life, although the fetal brain may be particular vulnerable as a result of extensive brain growth and differentiation in this period. We evaluated the association between prenatal exposure to cigarettes, alcohol, and coffee and the risk for febrile seizures in 2 population-based birth cohorts. METHODS: The Aarhus Birth Cohort consisted of 25,196 children of mothers who were scheduled to deliver at Aarhus University Hospital (1989-1996). The Aalborg-Odense cohort consisted of 10,400 children of women who attended antenatal care in Odense or Aalborg (1984-1987). Both cohorts were linked with the Danish National Hospital Register and followed until December 1998 with a complete follow-up. We extracted from medical records additional information on febrile seizures in children in the Aarhus Birth Cohort who were born between 1989 and 1992. RESULTS: We found a slightly increased risk for febrile seizures in children who were exposed to 10 or more cigarettes per day in the Aarhus Birth Cohort, but the corresponding association was weak in the Aalborg-Odense cohort. We found no association between maternal alcohol and coffee consumption and the risk for febrile seizures. The results were similar for simple and complex febrile seizures. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that prenatal exposure to low to moderate levels of alcohol and coffee has no impact on the risk for febrile seizures, whereas a modest smoking effect cannot be ruled out.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed2004

Eating disorder that was diagnosed before pregnancy and pregnancy outcome.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the association of an eating disorder that was diagnosed before pregnancy and a preterm delivery and/or the delivery of a low-birth-weight or small-for-gestational-age infant. STUDY DESIGN: This was a register-based follow-up study. We included 302 women who were hospitalized with an eating disorder before pregnancy who were delivered of 504 children and 900 control subjects who were delivered of 1552 children. The association of eating disorders, birth weight, and gestational age was assessed by bivariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: The risk of a low-birth-weight infant was twice as high in women with a previous eating disorder compared with women with no such disorder (odds ratio, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.4-3.2). The risk of preterm delivery and a small-for-gestational-age infant was increased to 70% and 80% (odds ratio, 1.7 [95% CI, 1.1-2.6]; odds ratio, 1.8 [95% CI, 1.3-2.4]), respectively. CONCLUSION: Women who were hospitalized for an eating disorder that was diagnosed before pregnancy were at increased risk of impaired pregnancy outcome.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Maternal consumption of coffee during pregnancy and stillbirth and infant death in first year of life: prospective study.

OBJECTIVE: To study the association between coffee consumption during pregnancy and the risk of stillbirth and infant death in the first year of life. DESIGN: Prospective follow up study. SETTING: Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark, 1989-96. PARTICIPANTS: 18 478 singleton pregnancies in women with valid information about coffee consumption during pregnancy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Stillbirth (delivery of a dead fetus at > or =28 weeks' gestation) and infant death (death of a liveborn infant during the first year of life). RESULTS: Pregnant women who drank eight or more cups of coffee per day during pregnancy had an increased risk of stillbirth compared with women who did not drink coffee (odds ratio=3.0, 95% confidence interval 1.5 to 5.9). After adjustment for smoking habits and alcohol intake during pregnancy, the relative risk of stillbirth decreased slightly. Adjustment for parity, maternal age, marital status, years of education, occupational status, and body mass index did not substantially change the estimates of association. There was no significant association between coffee consumption and death in the first year of life after adjustment for smoking habits during pregnancy. CONCLUSION: Drinking coffee during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of stillbirth but not with infant death.

Coffee↗
PubMed2003

A prospective study of maternal smoking and spontaneous abortion.

BACKGROUND: Cigarette smoking has been considered a risk factor for spontaneous abortion, but conclusions from many studies may be impaired by methodological problems. Studies are required that use data on smoking habits collected before knowledge about outcome of pregnancy and in which adjustment is made for potential confounders. METHODS: All Danish-speaking pregnant women booking for delivery at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aarhus University Hospital, from September 1989 to August 1996 were invited to participate in the study (n=24,608 pregnancies, including 321 spontaneous abortions and 100 induced abortions). Information about smoking habits before pregnancy and during the first trimester was obtained from self-administered questionnaires before the knowledge about pregnancy outcome. Information about spontaneous and induced abortions was obtained from the Danish National Patient Registry. We used Cox regression analyses with delayed entry (left truncation) for analyses, and hazard ratios to express the association between smoking and spontaneous abortion. Multivariate analyses were performed using a model including alcohol and coffee intake during pregnancy, maternal age, marital status, occupation, education, prepregnancy body mass index, and parity. RESULTS: Overall, 104 (1.3%) of those contributing time at risk in the first trimester experienced a spontaneous abortion in the first trimester, and 217 (0.9%) of those contributing time at risk in the second trimester experienced a second-trimester abortion. We found no association between smoking and first- and second-trimester abortions. Adjustment for alcohol, coffee, maternal age, marital status, occupation, education, prepregnancy body mass index and parity did not change the result substantially. CONCLUSION: Our study did not support findings from previous studies of an association between smoking and spontaneous abortion.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed2003

Maternal lifestyle factors in pregnancy risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and associated behaviors: review of the current evidence.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this review was to examine the literature assessing the relationship between prenatal exposure to nicotine, alcohol, caffeine, and psychosocial stress during pregnancy to the risk of developing behavioral problems related to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in childhood. METHOD: PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO were searched systematically. Studies using DSM diagnostic criteria and other validated diagnostic or screening instruments for ADHD and those examining ADHD symptoms were included. A narrative approach was used because the studies differed too much in methods and data sources to permit a quantitative meta-analysis. RESULTS: Twenty-four studies on nicotine (tobacco smoking), nine on alcohol, one on caffeine, and five on psychosocial stress were identified. All were published between 1973 and 2002. In spite of inconsistencies, the studies on nicotine indicated a greater risk of ADHD-related disorders among children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy. Contradictory findings were reported in the alcohol studies, and no conclusion could be reached on the basis of the caffeine study. Results from studies on psychological stress during pregnancy were inconsistent but indicated a possible modest contribution to ADHD symptoms in the offspring. Many studies suffered from methodological shortcomings, such as recall bias, crude or inaccurate exposure assessments, low statistical power, and lack of or insufficient control of confounders. A general lack of information on familial psychopathology also limited the interpretations. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to tobacco smoke in utero is suspected to be associated with ADHD and ADHD symptoms in children. Other maternal lifestyle factors during pregnancy may also be associated with these disorders. Further studies are needed to reach conclusions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Moderate alcohol intake during pregnancy and the risk of stillbirth and death in the first year of life.

The authors evaluated the association between alcohol intake during pregnancy and risk of stillbirth and infant death in a cohort of pregnant women receiving routine antenatal care at Aarhus University Hospital (Aarhus, Denmark) between 1989 and 1996. Prospective information on alcohol intake, other lifestyle factors, maternal characteristics, and obstetric risk factors was obtained from self-administered questionnaires and hospital files, and 24,768 singleton pregnancies were included in the analyses (116 stillbirths, 119 infant deaths). The risk ratio for stillbirth among women who consumed > or =5 drinks/week during pregnancy was 2.96 (95% confidence interval: 1.37, 6.41) as compared with women who consumed <1 drink/week. Adjustment for smoking habits, caffeine intake, age, prepregnancy body mass index, marital status, occupational status, education, parity, and sex of the child did not change the conclusions, nor did restriction of the highest intake group to women who consumed 5-14 drinks/week (risk ratio = 3.13, 95% confidence interval: 1.45, 6.77). The rate of stillbirth due to fetoplacental dysfunction increased across alcohol categories, from 1.37 per 1,000 births for women consuming <1 drink/week to 8.83 per 1,000 births for women consuming > or = 5 drinks/week. The increased risk could not be attributed to the effect of alcohol on the risk of low birth weight, preterm delivery, or malformations. There was little if any association between alcohol intake and infant death.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Moderate alcohol intake in pregnancy and the risk of spontaneous abortion.

Women attending routine antenatal care at Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark, from 1989 to 1996 were eligible for this cohort study on the association between alcohol intake in pregnancy and the risk of spontaneous abortion. We included 24 679 singleton pregnancies in the study. We used Cox regression analyses with delayed entry for the analyses. We found an increased risk of spontaneous abortion in the first trimester (7-11 completed weeks of gestation) for women consuming > or =5 drinks/week. We found no association between alcohol intake and spontaneous abortion during the second trimester. Common methodological problems in relation to studies on spontaneous abortions are discussed, as are problems with possible under-reporting of alcohol consumption. We conclude that women consuming > or =5 drinks/week are at increased risk of first trimester spontaneous abortion.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗