PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

Kishore Shetty

Publications and source records attributed to Kishore Shetty.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Oral opportunistic infections in HIV-positive individuals: review and role of mucosal immunity.

Oral opportunistic infections in the HIV-positive individual have been documented since the first reports of the epidemic, with many lesions associated with reduced CD4(+) T lymphocyte cell count. The most common oral lesions seen in HIV disease prior to the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) were oropharyngeal candidiasis and oral hairy leukoplakia. However, since the advent of HAART while many oral lesions have decreased significantly the incidence of oral warts has surprisingly increased. Despite the correlation of diminished CD4(+) T lymphocyte count to the occurrence of these lesions, it is rare for the lesions to occur concurrently suggesting that each pathologic lesion type is associated with distinct host immune dysfunctions. To date, the oral opportunistic infection most frequently investigated is oropharyngeal candidiasis, where data suggests that both systemic and local immunity is important for protection against infection. In contrast, recent investigations into the host responses associated with oral hairy leukoplakia and oral warts show little to no evidence of systemic or mucosal immune responsiveness despite the presumed competence of several types of leukocytes other than CD4(+) T cells. Together these data are suggesting that susceptibility to oropharyngeal candidasis in HIV-positive persons is predominantly immune-based, whereas protection or susceptibility to oral hairy leukoplakia and oral warts may be more associated with factors other than mucosal immune function.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Thalidomide in the management of recurrent aphthous ulcerations in patients who are HIV-positive: a review and case reports.

Recurrent Aphthous Ulceration (RAU) is an inflammatory ulcerative disease of unknown etiology. Although RAU are common in the general population, people with HIV disease may have ulcers that are large and painful and take a long time to heal. Local and systemic steroid therapy has been the traditional method of treatment for recurrent lesions. Recent studies have shown that systemic thalidomide therapy has the best efficacy in the treatment of major RAU in HIV-seropositive patients. Two case histories of complete resolution of the RAU are presented. We have included recommended guidelines for prescribing thalidomide according to the System for Thalidomide Education and Prescribing Safety (STEPS) Program.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chronic craniofacial dematiaceous fungal infection: a case report.

Curvularia is a saprobic dematiaceous mold that has been associated with a wide spectrum of human infection. In non-immunosuppressed patients, infections frequently involve the paranasal sinus, skin, and soft tissue, whereas systemic dissemination and endocarditis are extremely rare. The optimal antifungal therapy for Curvularia infection is not known, and responses to treatment with amphotericin B, miconazole, ketoconazole, terbinafine, and itraconazole have been reported. We describe a patient with an invasive dematiaceous fungal sinusitis who was immunocompetent and was infected with Curvularia. The patient was successfully treated with oral itraconazole by otolaryngology and the infectious disease service.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dental implants in the HIV-positive patient--case report and review of the literature.

The association between HIV infection and the success of osseointegrated dental implants is unknown. Recent reports in the dental literature show no difference between HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients in terms of infection rate after surgical procedures. A case report documenting the successful placement and osseointegration of eight endosseous dental implants in an HIV-positive patient is presented. This article also reviews the complications of implant procedures and the outcomes of surgical procedures in HIV-positive patients.

Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The role of salivary cytokines in the etiology and progression of periodontal disease.

Periodontal disease is a common oral disease in all segments of the population, regardless of their systemic health status. The disease is generalized or localized and the severity of lesions can vary at different sites. It is possible to recognize a number of different types of periodontal disease on the basis of clinical and pathological criteria, which include the extent of periodontal destruction, the age of onset and severity of disease, the distribution of lesions, the microflora involved, and the variation in host responses. The ultimate outcome of periodontal disease in adults, whether treated or untreated, depends on patient susceptibility. While periodontopathic bacteria are recognized as the etiologic agents in periodontal disease, their interaction with and modulation of the host immune response is of fundamental importance. An interplay of protection and pathology active in periodontal disease is that of T-lymphocyte cells and the subsequent production of cytokines within the periodontal tissues.

B-Lymphocytes↗