Biomedical subjects

Konrad Krzyzanowski

Publications and source records attributed to Konrad Krzyzanowski.

7 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2004

Lymphangitis carcinomatosa in thin section computed tomography.

High resolution computed tomography is a diagnostic method of choice in the evaluation of lung parenchyma. HRCT enables the evaluation of small interstitial changes, invisible on plain chest radiographs, and their assessment at the level of the lung lobule. The aim of the study was the assessment of typical findings in HRCT in lymphangitis carcinomatosa, enabling differential diagnosis. Material comprises a group of 18 patients with lymphangitic spread of carcinoma, in whom HRCT examination was performed. Nodular thickening of the peribronchovascular interstitium and interlobular septa are typical in lymphangitic spread of carcinoma. Smooth peribronchovascular and septal thickenings are typical in sarcoidosis, and are only seen in some patients in the lymphangitic spread of carcinoma. In lymphangitis carcinomatosa lung architecture remains unchanged, which allows differentiating from sarcoidosis.

Diagnosis, Differential↗

PubMed2004

Morphological characteristics of malignant solitary pulmonary nodules.

The solitary pulmonary nodule is a common radiologic abnormality, which is often detected incidentally. It is defined as focal, round or oval areas of increased opacity in the lung which are caused by a variety of disorders, including neoplasm, infection, inflammations, and vascular and congenital abnormalities. Most of the solitary pulmonary nodules are benign, but up to 30%-40% of them are malignant. The main goal of the radiologic evaluation of suspected solitary pulmonary nodules is to differentiate benign from malignant lesions as accurately as possible. The aim of the study was the assessment of the morphological characteristics of the malignant solitary pulmonary nodules. Large nodule size, irregular, spiculated margins, inhomogeneous density of nodule thick walls in cavitary nodules suggest the presence of the malignant lesion. Smooth, well-defined margins, homogeneous density or the presence of diffuse, laminated, central or popcorn-like calcifications suggest the benign nodule. Diffuse, irregular amorphous calcifications suggest the malignant process. Unfortunately there is a kind of overlapping, and some benign nodules may show features typical of malignancy, and some malignant lesions may appear benign. Morphologic characteristics in computed tomography is however helpful in differentiation of benign from malignant nodules.

Calcinosis↗

PubMed2004

High resolution computed tomography in sarcoidosis: typical findings.

Sarcoidosis is a systemic disorder of unknown cause in which noncaseating granulomas occur. Granulomas are formed in lymphatic or perilymphatic distribution, along lymphatics and in peribronchovascular interstitium. In some cases the granulomas are formed in interlobular septa or subpleural interstitium. Nodular interstitial densities in parahilar lung regions are very typical of sarcoidosis, especially with coexistent hilar lymphadenopathy. In HRCT the appearance of pulmonary sarcoidosis may vary, masquerading many other diffuse interstitiallung diseases. The aim of the study is the evaluation of the typical findings for sarcoidosis in HRCT, and assessment of their value in differential diagnosis. The most typical HRCT finding in patients with sarcoidosis are small nodules. They are predominantly distributed adjacent to peribronchovascular and subpleural interstitium. Thickenings of peribronchovascular and septal interstitium are also often seen in sarcoidosis. Ground glass opacities are seen in early stages of sarcoidosis. Conglomerates of masses and large nodules may also be seen in advanced diseases, with traction bronchiectases and honeycombing as a result of fibrosis.

Bronchography↗

PubMed2004

Typical findings for bronchiolitis in high resolution computed tomography.

High resolution computed tomography is a diagnostic modality of choice in imaging of interstitial lung diseases. HRCT enables visualization of the pathological findings invisible on plain radiographs and their evaluation at the level of the pulmonary lobule. The aim of the study was evaluation of typical HRCT findings in patients with bronchiolitis, and assessment of their usefulness in differential diagnosis. Tree in bud is a typical sign seen on HRCT sections in patients with bronchiolitis, resulting from filling the small centrilobular bronchioles with puss, mucus, granulomas or inflammatory cells. Material filling the bronchioles causes their obstruction resulting in the presence of air-trapping, visible on expiratory sections. Thickening of the bronchiolar walls and dilatation of the small bronchioles is also very often seen. Ground glass opacities and small nodules are also seen in some patients with bronchiolitis.

Angiography↗

PubMed2004

Limitations in ultrasonographic evaluation of the abdominal aortic aneurysms.

The frequency of the abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) increases in older population, especially in men older than 50 years. In most cases the AAAs are revealed occasionally in routine ultrasound examination or in CT performed due to other reasons. The aim of the study was the assessment of the diagnostic value and limitations of ultrasound examination in the evaluation of the abdominal aortic aneurysms. The ultrasound examination is a quick, cheap diagnostic modality in revealing the abdominal aortic aneurysm. It may be useful in mass screening, and control of patients with small aneurysm. But ultrasonographic assessment is not accurate enough in the evaluation of all critical features of the aneurysm and preoperative evaluation. In emergency and obese patients the ultrasound examination may fail in visualizing the abdominal aorta. In long aneurysm in ultrasonography the assessment of the involvement of the thoracic aorta is impossible.

Aorta, Abdominal↗

PubMed2004

Abdominal aortic aneurysm in ultrasound and CT examination.

About 75% of AAAs are asymptomatic. They come to light as the chance findings of a lump with or without pulsation, noted on self-examination, a routine physical check-up, or during diagnostic investigations. Ultrasonography and CT are two most often used in diagnosing of AAAs. The aim of the study was the assessment of the diagnostic value of computed tomography and ultrasonography in the evaluation of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Material comprises a group of 26 patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm. There were 18 men and 8 women, aged between 48 and 76 years (mean age 62 years). In each patient computed tomography and ultrasound examinations were performed. Computed tomography is more accurate technique than ultrasonography. In obese patients or in the presence of gas in the bowel the abdominal aorta may be invisible in ultrasonography, but is easily and clearly visualized in CT. Measurements of aneurysm diameters are much more reliable in CT than in ultrasonography. In CT it is possible to imagine and measure the length of the aneurysm in various MPR reconstructions. The bifurcation of the aorta and iliac arteries are well imagined in CT. The coexistent aneurysms of thoracic aorta are easily diagnosed just by performing few additional sections of the thoracic aorta. In properly prepared patients ultrasonography provides good imaging modality in performed screening examination, and in controlling patients with small aneurysm because it is widely accessible and cheap. In preoperative assessment the CT examination is necessary.

Aged↗

PubMed2004

Diagnostic value of multiplanar CT reconstructions in the assessment of abdominal aortic aneurysms.

The increased use of ultrasonography and computed tomography result in the increased number of detected aneurysms, especially with relatively small diameters so the prevalence of the abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) is increasing. The aim of the study was to assess the usefulness of multiplanar (MPR) CT reconstructions in the evaluation of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Material comprises a group of 30 patients with the abdominal aortic aneurysm. There were 22 men and eight women, aged between 54 and 78 years (mean age was 62 years). In all the patients the CT examination of the abdominal aorta was performed. The diameter of the aortic aneurysm, measured using computed tomography scans and the rate of growth are the most important determinants of the risk of rupture, and in determining when elective repair is justified. The exact measurements of the aortic aneurysm are required. The tortuous aorta is clearly visible on MPR reconstruction, which enables choosing the proper axial section to measure the true diameter of the aneurysm. The exact measurement of the aneurysm length, possible on MPR sections is essential in determining the rate of aneurysm growth. The presence and size of thrombus correlate with the risk of aneurysm rupture. The MPR reconstructions enable exact measurements of the thrombus length. The visualization of aortic bifurcation is better on MPR reconstructions in coronal plane. The beginning of the dissection in some patients is visible only on MPR images. An MPR reconstruction provides additional information in CT examination of abdominal aortic aneurysm and should be performed in each CT examination of aortic aneurysms.

Aged↗