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Biomedical subjects

Kosuke Yamazaki

Publications and source records attributed to Kosuke Yamazaki.

4 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Biologic degeneration of vein grafts after thrombotic occlusion: thrombectomy within 3 days results in better indices of viability.

OBJECTIVES: To clarify the mechanism for poor patency of vein grafts after thrombectomy and the time limit for successful salvage operation, we investigated the time course of biologic degenerative changes in thrombosed vein grafts. Materials and methods The right femoral artery was replaced with a femoral vein graft in 25 mongrel dogs. After 3 months, grafts were explanted in 5 dogs (control grafts), and the remaining 20 dogs underwent femoral artery ligation to create a thrombosed graft. Of the 20 grafts, 5 were explanted at 3 days after ligation (group I-3) and 5 were explanted at 5 days after ligation (group I-5). Of the remaining 10 grafts, 5 underwent thrombectomy at 3 days after ligation (group II-3) and 5 underwent thrombectomy at 5 days after ligation, and were reimplanted into the left femoral artery, then explanted 28 days after reimplantation. The grafts were assessed with immunohistochemistry and prostaglandin (PG) I(2) assay (6-keto-PGI(1alpha)). RESULTS: Of the 25 grafts, occlusion recurred in 3 in group II-5 within 28 days after reimplantation. There were significant differences between group I-5 and group I-3 or control grafts for percentage of areas positive for alpha-actin, total number of cells per field, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive cells in layer of thickened intima and atrophied media (I/M), and for total cell and PCNA- positive cell numbers per field in the adventitia. Mean 6-ketoPGF(1alpha) was 40 +/- 14.1 pg/mg/min in control dogs, 84 +/- 18.9 pg/mg/min in group I-3, and 15.4 +/- 7.7 pg/mg/min in group I-5, demonstrating a significant reduction in group I-5 (P =.009). CONCLUSION: Graft wall cell viability and PGI(2) production in thrombosed vein grafts are well preserved for up to 3 days. Therefore graft salvage operations no later than 3 days after thrombotic occlusion may provide acceptable long-term patency of salvaged grafts.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Early crisis intervention to patients with acute stress disorder in general hospital.

This report presents 2 patients who were diagnosed to have acute stress disorder (ASD), received early psychiatric intervention (crisis intervention as a short-term psychotherapy), and subsequently had good outcome. Encounter with an event that causes psychological trauma may induce post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, the 2 patients described here have shown no particular mental symptoms for more than 2 years after the event and are leading normal lives. Psychological debriefing as a group used to be regarded as effective for the prevention of PTSD, but early identification of the stress-related disorder and intensive treatment of individual patients is recently considered to be more necessary. Both of the 2 patients presented here showed good outcome, and early crisis intervention in individual patients is suggested to be effective for the treatment of stress-related disorders and prevention of PTSD.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Child and adolescent psychiatry its problems and foresight].

Accompanying the fall in birth rate, problems pertaining to the child's mind such as school in attendance, bullying, violence in the school, intrafamilial violence, eating disorders, substance abuse, and child abuse have rocketed and diversified, in addition to affecting increasingly lower age groups. The importance of child and adolescent psychiatry has never been more profound, but our country, without a chair in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in the medical school framework, and lacking recognition of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry as a clinical department has undoubtedly become an underdeveloped country in terms of child and adolescent psychiatric care. The medical schools have been in the process of review and reorganization these past few years. The range of mental science is wide, and despite being a major discipline constituting one of the two arms of medical science together with somatic medicine, it is regarded as a minor existence in our country. This is the time to re-establish mental science, with areas such as child and adolescent psychiatry, geriatric psychiatry, social psychiatry, and crime psychiatry placed on an equal footing with general psychiatry. Turning our eyes on the world, the children are being robbed of their mental health as refugees, through child labor, starvation, and civil war. The demand of this age is true symbiosis, surpassing differences in race, religion, language, and culture, which is probably the indispensable element in the quest for a happy future for the children of this age.

Adolescent↗