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Biomedical subjects

Kristiina Hyrkäs

Publications and source records attributed to Kristiina Hyrkäs.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Efficacy of clinical supervision: influence on job satisfaction, burnout and quality of care.

AIM: This paper reports a study to determine how supervisees' backgrounds and surrounding infrastructure predict the efficacy of clinical supervision among Finnish nursing staff, their job satisfaction, levels of burnout and perceptions of the quality of care. BACKGROUND: Several studies have described the effects of clinical supervision, but few have focused on evaluating it. Until recently, no studies have examined how clinical supervision evaluations are related to supervisees' backgrounds, surrounding infrastructure or respondents' levels of burnout, job satisfaction and perceptions of the quality of care. METHODS: The survey involved supervisees completing a range of standardized and validated evaluation measures. The respondents were identified from 12 regional, central and university hospitals across Finland (n = 799). The data collection took place from October 2000 to February 2001. FINDINGS: The evaluations varied statistically significantly and were associated with statistically significant variations in the respondents' backgrounds. Clinical supervision infrastructure was also strongly related to evaluation scores. Supervisees' age, education, gender, employment status, area of specialty, working hours, work experience and experience as a supervisor were statistically significant predictors for evaluations of the efficacy of clinical supervision. These evaluations of clinical supervision were also found to predict the respondents' job satisfaction, levels of burnout and assessments of good nursing. CONCLUSION: Nursing staff, especially those who have over 10 years' work experience, work in general care, have a nursing diploma, are non-tenured, work part-time and work 24-hour rotating shifts can benefit from clinical supervision. However, resources need to be invested in supervisor education and nursing staff need to be encouraged to start working in both supervisor and supervisee roles because of the positive effects on job satisfaction and quality of care.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Clinical supervision for nurses in administrative and leadership positions: a systematic literature review of the studies focusing on administrative clinical supervision.

AIM: The aim of this systematic literature review was to describe administrative clinical supervision from the nursing leaders', directors' and administrators' perspective. BACKGROUND: Administrative clinical supervision is a timely and important topic as organizational structures in health care and nursing leadership are changing in addition to the increasing number of complex challenges present in health care. METHODS: The material in this review was drawn from national and international databases including doctoral dissertations, distinguished thesis and peer-reviewed articles. The material was analysed by means of content analysis. The theoretical framework for the analysis was based on the three main functions of clinical supervision: administrative, educational and supportive. FINDINGS: The findings demonstrated that the experiences of the administrative clinical supervision and its supportiveness were varying. The intervention was seen to provide versatility of learning experiences and support in challenging work experiences. Administrative clinical supervision effects and assures the quality of care. The effects as a means of development were explained through its resemblance to a leading specialist community. CONCLUSIONS: The findings support earlier perceptions concerning the importance and significance of administrative clinical supervision for nursing managers and administrators. However, more research is needed to develop administrative clinical supervision and to increase understanding of theoretical assumptions and relationships of the concepts on the background.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2006

Multidisciplinary attitudinal positions regarding clinical supervision: a cross-sectional study.

AIM: The aim of this study was to describe multidisciplinary attitudes towards/about Clinical Supervision. BACKGROUND: Clinical Supervision continues to be a matter of high interest for nurses and other health care disciplines. Despite the existence of a body of a substantive literature, gaps in our knowledge base remain. DESIGN: Data was collected using a form composed of 17 statements. A total sample of 74 participants completed the form and rank-ordered the statements. The sample was comprised of a mix of eight different disciplines: Registered Nurses (hospital based), Chiropodists, Occupational Therapists, Learning Disability Nurses, Registered Nurses (community based), Registered Mental Health Nurses, Health Visitors and Physiotherapists. Data were analyzed by descriptive and non-parametric statistics. RESULTS: The respondents' agreement was high concerning the rankings of the item (11) ''Confidentiality is assured and agreed''. Almost all respondents ranked this item as the most important characteristic for group supervision. The respondents shared almost a total agreement concerning the item (17) ''The supervisor should be a manager''. This was ranked as the least important characteristic for group supervision. CONCLUSION: The importance of having a clinical supervisory relationship that remains separate from administrative/managerial supervision and one where confidentiality is assured was highlighted by this study. Furthermore, the attitudes were not restricted to one professional or disciplinary group. The effective support system of clinical supervision should therefore not be diluted by awkward and unnecessary amalgamations with administrative/managerial supervision.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2005

Clinical supervision, burnout, and job satisfaction among mental health and psychiatric nurses in Finland.

This paper presents the findings from a survey of Finnish mental health and psychiatric nurses. The aim of the study was to describe and evaluate the current state of clinical supervision, and ascertain the levels of burnout and job satisfaction experienced by these health care professionals. Clinical supervision was found beneficial for mental health and psychiatric health care professionals in terms of their job satisfaction and levels of stress. The findings seem to demonstrate that efficient clinical supervision is related to lower burnout, and inefficient supervision to increasing job dissatisfaction.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

First-line managers' views of the long-term effects of clinical supervision: how does clinical supervision support and develop leadership in health care?

There have recently been several organizational changes that have challenged nursing managers in the Finnish health care system. First-line managers need support in their work because of organizational changes and scarce economic resources. One of these supportive measures is clinical supervision. A group of first-line managers in a Finnish University hospital participated in a 2-year clinical supervision intervention in 1999-2000. The managers' perceptions of the clinical supervision were followed up twice during the intervention and 1 year after (2001). The aim of this study is to describe how the first-line managers saw the future effects of the clinical supervision intervention 1 year after its termination. At the beginning of the intervention, the number of participating nursing managers was 32. The number of respondents in this study 1 year (2001) after the clinical supervision was 11. Data was collected using empathy-based stories, which involved writing short essays. The respondents received orientation and a script to assist them in the writing of essays. The stories were analysed qualitatively by categorizing the responses by themes. The managers deemed that clinical supervision had, in the 3-year time frame, positive long-term effects on their leadership and communication skills, the desire for self-development, self-knowledge and coping. Managers believed that in the long run, clinical supervision would provide them with a broader perspective on work and would enhance the use of clinical supervision as a supportive measure among co-workers. First-line managers expect clinical supervision to have long-term positive effects on their work and coping. Empathy-based stories, as a method, were found suited to studies, which aim to obtaining future-oriented knowledge.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2003

Validating an instrument for clinical supervision using an expert panel.

Use of research instruments standardised in English-speaking countries is commonplace in non-English speaking countries. This article describes technical, linguistic and conceptual issued raised in the translation and validation of an acceptable country-specific instrument. The Manchester Clinical Supervision Scale was validated for use in clinical supervision in Finland using quantitative and qualitative methods. The approach applied was triangulation. The focus of this paper, is to describe the item validation process of the scale using an expert panel (n=11) by means of the content validity index and panel interview. The process resulted in a country-specific 33-item instrument. The study indicated that content validity index and panel discussion are easy, but reliable ways of demonstrating the instrument's content validity.

Cross-Cultural Comparison↗
PubMed2003

Translating and validating the Finnish version of the Manchester Clinical Supervision Scale.

Evaluation research provides new perspectives for clinical supervision (CS), and international collaboration offers advantages to develop valid instruments for this purpose. Besides translation, an instrument developed and tested in another culture requires systematic validation. The study focuses on the translation process of the Manchester Clinical Supervision Scale for testing in Finland carried out collaboratively between the Universities of Tampere and Manchester. The instrument is a 45-item questionnaire with a Likert-type (1-5) scale comprising seven sub-scales: trust and rapport, supervisor advice and support, improved care and skills, importance and value of CS, finding time, personal issues and reflection and total score. At first, a licensed translator translated the instrument into Finnish. A native British language teacher at the University language centre performed the blind back-translation into English. The translations were compared by both collaborative parties and by three experienced Finnish supervisors. A pilot sample (n = 182) was collected to test the translated instrument. In this sample Cronbach's alpha value for the total score was 0.9227 and in the sub-scales 0.6393-0.8838. The mean values in the sub-scales were 14.2-29.3, SDs 3.02-3.88 and modes 14.0-30.0. The British test sample had almost similar values. Translating an instrument into another language not only requires expertise in language, but also in practice. The cultural validation is the most important phase in the process that can be accomplished with pilot testing and statistical methods. However, further expert evaluation is required for the validity of the instrument.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed2003

Team supervision in multiprofessional teams: team members' descriptions of the effects as highlighted by group interviews.

The aim of the study was to describe the effects of team supervision in multiprofessional teams as perceived by team members. The literature describes team supervision as a way to develop collaboration in multiprofessional teams. However, little empirical research into the effects of team supervision is available. A research project was undertaken on five units of a university hospital between 1995 and 1998. Data were collected using group interviews with 62 interviewees and were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Team members' perceptions of the feeling of togetherness varied. Communication had become more open in the teams, but the frankness of expression varied: communication had generally become more tactful, whereas in one of the teams frankness offended some members. Team members had learned to know each other. This had improved mutual understanding, but also increased tension. Teams' working methods had changed. Joint decision making had developed, but conflicts had also emerged. Motivation for work had improved as a result of the awareness of shared problems. However, motivation had been lessened by frustration caused by slow progress in the team. Perceptions of the effects of team supervision in the multiprofessional teams varied by units and teams. The study showed that team supervision is a challenge to supervisors.

Communication↗
PubMed2003

Nurse managers' conceptions of quality management as promoted by peer supervision.

AIM: The aim of the study was to describe nurse managers' conceptions of quality management in their work as promoted by peer supervision. BACKGROUND: Quality management is one of the topical issues in a nurse manager's demanding and changing work. As first-line managers, they have a key role in quality management which is seen to create the system and environment for high quality services and quality improvement. Despite the official recommendations and definitions of quality management, several published reports have shown that there is no single solution for quality management. Peer supervision or the support provided by it to nursing managers have rarely been a subject of study. This study was carried out at Tampere University Hospital between 1996 and 1998. The peer supervision intervention was organized once a month, 2 hours at a time and in closed supervisor-led groups of nine nurse managers. METHODS: Data were collected by themed interviews. Fifteen nurse managers participated in the study. The data were analysed using the phenomenographic method. FINDINGS: Two main categories were formed of nurse managers' conceptions. The first described supportive and reflective characteristics of peer supervision. This main category was described by horizontal, hierarchical categories of support from peer group and reflection. The second main category described nurse managers' conceptions of individual development of leadership during peer supervision. This main category was also described by three horizontal categories: personal growth, finding psychological resources and internalization of leadership. CONCLUSION: The finding of this study show that peer supervision benefited nurse managers in quality management through reflection and support. The reflective and supportive characteristics of peer supervision promoted the nurse managers' individual development, but also that of leadership. It can be concluded that peer supervision promotes quality management in nurse managers' work.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2003

Continuous quality improvement through team supervision supported by continuous self-monitoring of work and systematic patient feedback.

BACKGROUND: Evaluation of clinical supervision (CS) and exploration of its effects on the quality of care is a timely topic for research. The current emphasis in nursing is shifting towards continuous quality improvement (CQI), and the integration of this with CS seems to be an interesting challenge. So far the studies have relied mainly on supervisees' self-report data and patients have rarely been involved in research. However, the perspective of CQI requires that patients are involved in the quality improving efforts. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of this study is to describe how CQI was implemented through team supervision and supported by continuous self-monitoring of work and systematic patient feedback. METHODS: The team supervision intervention was organized on five wards between 1995 and 1998. The methods of statistical process control and control charts were applied in the study as part of the intervention. FINDINGS: Improvements in both patient satisfaction and the staff's self-monitoring of work were evidenced. A slow and minor upward trend was detected in the control charts and the variation decreased in the assessments. The patients' high and the staff's critical ratings drew nearer towards the end of the study. However, significant differences were found between the wards and not all wards showed improvements. Staff found it difficult to discern the effects of continuous patient satisfaction feedback and self-monitoring. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the study show that CQI integrated with team supervision improves patient satisfaction and the overall quality of care.

Alberta↗
PubMed2002

Expert supervisors' views of clinical supervision: a study of factors promoting and inhibiting the achievements of multiprofessional team supervision.

BACKGROUND: Only a few studies are available of team supervision and its challenges to supervisors. A multiprofessional team supervision project was accomplished in 1995-1998 in one university hospital in Finland. Eighty-two practitioners from five wards participated in the project and 10 experienced supervisors implemented their team supervision. AIM: The aim of this qualitative study is to describe the experiences of five supervisor pairs (n=10) of multiprofessional team supervision. METHODS: Data were collected by semi-structured interviews from the supervisor pairs. The interviewing style was open and followed that of a guided conversation between supervisors and researcher. Interview data were analysed using thematic content analysis. FINDINGS: The factors that influenced team supervision were as follows: advanced knowledge of supervision and confidence in supervisors, commitment and motivation, interaction and collaborative relationships and the arrangements of team supervision. The positive effects of team supervision as identified by the supervisors were as follows: influence on interaction and human relationships in the work community, supervisees' strengthened professional identity and the development of multiprofessional practice. CONCLUSIONS: Several factors can promote or inhibit the achievements of team supervision. Regardless of all the difficulties related to team supervision, its effects on a work community are positive. For the supervisors, team supervision is a demanding and challenging but also a rewarding process.

Finland↗