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Kristy Hendricks

Publications and source records attributed to Kristy Hendricks.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Maternal and child characteristics associated with infant and toddler feeding practices.

OBJECTIVE: To describe maternal/child characteristics associated with important practices of feeding US infants and toddlers aged 4 to 24 months. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of data collected in the 2002 Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study. Maternal/child characteristics associated with compliance to American Academy of Pediatrics feeding guidelines, and maternal/child characteristics associated with specific feeding patterns were assessed. SUBJECTS: A national random sample of mothers (n=2,515) whose infants and toddlers aged 4 to 24 months made up the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study cohort. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Student t tests were used to compare the means and standard errors and were considered significant if P<.05. To predict if the mother/child met a particular recommendation, logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: Having a college education was the maternal characteristic associated with the largest number of positive child feeding behaviors. Mothers with a college education were significantly more likely than mothers without a college education to initiate breastfeeding and breastfeed the child to age 6 and 12 months (OR 2.8, 3.2, and 3.9, respectively). College-educated mothers were significantly more likely to comply with the American Academy of Pediatrics juice and complementary feeding recommendations (OR 1.4 and 2.0). In addition, infants and toddlers whose mother had a college education were more likely to consume fruit and less likely to consume sweetened beverages and desserts or candy. Ever breastfeeding the sample child, living in the western region of the United States, and being married and older were also associated with multiple positive practices. The child being in day care was associated with decreased duration of breastfeeding at age 6 and 12 months as well as with consumption of salty snacks. CONCLUSIONS: Initiatives to improve infant and toddler feeding practices should focus on assisting mothers who have less than a college education, who are unmarried, whose child is in day care, or who are enrolled in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Nutrient intakes and food patterns of toddlers' lunches and snacks: influence of location.

OBJECTIVE: To describe nutrient intake and food patterns of lunches and snacks eaten at various locations by US toddlers. DESIGN: A national, cross-sectional telephone survey in which mothers and primary caretakers reported toddlers' food and beverage intake for a 24-hour period. SUBJECTS: Toddlers (n=632), aged 15 to 24 months, a subset in the 2002 Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study. ANALYSES: Means+/-standard errors of the mean, percentages, t tests of mean differences, mean energy and nutrient intake, and nutrient density of toddlers' lunches and snacks. RESULTS: Overall, on any given day, 42.6% of toddlers consumed all meals and snacks at home, 8.1% consumed any meal or snack at day care (and others at home), and 49.3% consumed any meal or snack away from home (all other locations excluding day care). Mean energy intake at lunch ranged from 281 kcal at home to 308 kcal away from home to 332 kcal at day care. There were no significant differences in mean macronutrient intake or fiber intake across locations, but lunches eaten at day care were significantly higher in calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D, potassium, and riboflavin compared with those eaten at home or away (P<.05). Mean trans fat intake was significantly (P<.01) lower for lunches consumed at home compared with away from home. For lunches consumed at away locations, the most frequently consumed item, by 35% of toddlers, was french fries. Carbonated beverages were consumed at away lunches by 16% of toddlers, compared with 3% at home and none at day care. Morning snacks provided 124 to 156 kcal and afternoon snacks provided from 139 to 170 kcal, depending on the location. Foods typically eaten at morning snacks for all locations were water, cow's milk, crackers, and 100% juice. Beverages frequently consumed at afternoon snacks were water, whole cow's milk, fruit-flavored drinks, and 100% apple juice. The most frequently consumed foods for an afternoon snack at home or day care were crackers or non-baby food cookies. CONCLUSIONS: Nutritious choices such as milk, fruits, vegetables, and whole grains need to be encouraged in a variety of forms to give toddlers an opportunity to build broader food preferences for life. The consumption of milk at home and other locations, such as restaurants and friends' homes, needs to be encouraged in place of fruit-flavored drinks or other sweetened beverages. For lunches at home, parents may be especially receptive to suggestions about appropriate and easy-to-serve foods, homemade or commercial, for a toddler's lunches and snacks. Day-care providers should be encouraged to use menu planning aids, such as those available from the US Department of Agriculture, even if they are not regulated by a government program.

Child Day Care Centers↗
PubMed2006

Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study: meal and snack intakes of Hispanic and non-Hispanic infants and toddlers.

OBJECTIVE: To describe meal and snack patterns of Hispanic and non-Hispanic infants and toddlers. DESIGN: A cross-sectional telephone survey in which mothers or other primary caregivers reported their infants' and toddlers' food and beverage intake for a 24-hour period. SUBJECTS/SETTING: Subjects were a subset of the national random sample of children aged 4-24 months who participated in the 2002 Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study. The Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study includes a stratified random sample of 3,022 infants and toddlers aged 4-24 months. Three hundred seventy-one Hispanic and 2,637 non-Hispanic children who had 24-hour dietary recalls are included in the subset. ANALYSES: Means+/-standard errors of daily intakes of energy, nutrients, and nutrient densities were calculated, as were percentages of children consuming foods at each eating occasion. RESULTS: Hispanic and non-Hispanic infants and toddlers, on average, were fed seven times per day. Overall, the percentages of children who ate snacks increased with age, and more than 80% of toddlers aged 12-24 months consumed afternoon snacks, with more than 90% of Hispanic children consuming an afternoon snack. In each age group, there were significant differences between ethnic groups in nutrient intakes by eating occasion. No significant difference was seen for energy across all meal occasions. At age 6-11 months, Hispanic children had a significantly lower intake of carbohydrate at dinner and lower intake of saturated fat at afternoon snacks compared with non-Hispanic children (P<.05). The main difference between Hispanic children's and non-Hispanic children's intakes by eating occasion is at age 12-24 months. Hispanics aged 12-24 months had significantly (P<.05) lower percentages of energy from fat and saturated fat and a significantly (P<.05) higher percentage of carbohydrate at lunch compared with non-Hispanic children. For dinner, Hispanic toddlers had significantly (P<.05) lower intakes of total fat and saturated fat compared with non-Hispanic toddlers at age 12-24 months. Overall fiber intake contributed 2 g/meal for both ethnic groups. Snacks contributed, on average, less than 1 g fiber, except Hispanic toddlers had significantly higher fiber intake at afternoon snacks (1.5 g) than non-Hispanic toddlers. Foods frequently consumed at meals and snacks were lacking in whole grains, vegetables, and fruits. Most nutrients were not significantly different between Hispanics and non-Hispanics for meals and snacks. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the sizeable contribution that snacks make toward overall energy, parents and caregivers should plan toddlers' snacks to complement meals by including additional fruits, vegetables, and whole grains that are culturally appropriate rather than fruit drinks, cookies, and crackers. This will increase fiber intake and limit fat and sugar intakes. To develop healthful eating patterns, introduce toddlers to foods eight to 10 times to increase food acceptance and the likelihood of establishing healthful eating patterns. Dietetics professionals need to consider cultural differences when developing meal and snack patterns for Hispanic and non-Hispanic infants and toddlers.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2005

Dietary intake in human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults: a comparison of dietary assessment methods.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare estimated nutrient intakes from 3-day food records vs Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) in a large cohort of individuals living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. DESIGN: Dietary data from 315 HIV-positive participants enrolled in a longitudinal cohort study were collected. Nutrient intake data estimated from the Block FFQ were compared with multiple 3-day food records done over the same time period. SUBJECTS/SETTING: Participants enrolled in Nutrition for Healthy Living, an ongoing cohort study based in Boston, MA, were studied. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED: Using 3-day food records as the gold standard, we compared estimated nutrient intakes between the two assessment methods by (a) median of individual differences in intake, (b) correlation coefficients, (c) quintile ranking, and (d) intakes less than the Dietary Reference Intakes. Nutrient intake estimates between the two methods were compared using Spearman, Pearson, and deattenuated correlation coefficients. RESULTS: Median reported intakes of all macronutrients and most micronutrients were significantly less on the FFQ for both men and women. Deattenuated correlations were less than 0.5 for 86% of the men and for 68% of the women. Mean percent agreement for quintile ranking was 30%. CONCLUSIONS: In this large cohort of HIV-infected adults, we found significant differences between FFQs and food records in estimates of absolute dietary intakes, correlation coefficients, quintile rankings, and proportions of subjects consuming less than the Dietary Reference Intakes. These findings have implications for the interpretation and application of dietary intake data from FFQs in specialized populations.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Alterations in lipid profiles in HIV-infected patients treated with protease inhibitor therapy are not influenced by diet.

BACKGROUND: The use of protease inhibitor (PI) -based highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been linked to alterations in lipid profiles. METHODS: Longitudinal cohort study. Lipid profiles were evaluated pre- and post-PI therapy in 49 HIV-infected patients. Diet was also evaluated to determine any contribution to alterations in lipid levels. RESULTS: Pre- and post-PI-based HAART samples were examined from 42 men and 7 women, mean age 40.6 years. Mean CD4 count pre-PI was 242 +/- 205 cells/mm(3); HIV RNA was 4.2 log(10) copies/mL; body mass index (BMI) was 24.7 +/- 3.6 kg/m(2); body fat was 17.1 +/- 9.1 kg by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), dietary intake was 2654 +/- 732 kcal/day. Post-PI samples were collected 5.7 +/- 1.66 months after starting therapy. CD4 counts increased to 384 +/- 323 cells/mm(3) and RNA decreased 1 log post-PI. Post-PI BMI (25.2 kg/m2), percent body fat (17.4%) and caloric intake (2656 kcal/day) were unchanged. Pre-PI total cholesterol (TC) in men was 167.6 +/- 42.4 mg/dL; TC increased (190.4 +/- 47.9 mg/dL) post-PI (p < .0001). Pre-PI triglycerides (TG) were 154.5 +/- 109.4 mg/dL; TG increased post-PI (266.1 +/- 363.6 mg/dL, p < .03). Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) -C was 97.8 +/- 31 mg/dL pre-PI and rose to 107.1 +/- 34.7 mg/dL post-PI (p < .05). High density lipoproteins (HDLs) were below desired levels before initiation of PI therapy and remained low. CONCLUSIONS: PI therapy significantly alters lipid profiles in HIV-infected patients. Dietary intake did not contribute to changes in lipid profile. More longitudinal studies are needed to demonstrate whether these alterations contribute to additional cardiovascular risk.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Body composition in adults infected with human immunodeficiency virus in Khon Kaen, Thailand.

A cross-sectional study of 77 patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Khon Kaen, Thailand examined association of nutritional status with active opportunistic infections (AOIs)/HIV status and assessed degree of correlation between bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and anthropometry. Many patients (41.3%) were malnourished using World Health Organization criteria for underweight, and malnutrition was associated with AOI status. Unconditional odds ratios (P < 0.05) for AOI as opposed to no AOI were 4.57 for underweight, 9.87 for severe underweight, 2.55 for triceps < 10th percentile, and 5.22 for mid-arm circumference < 10th percentile. Body fat composition from BIA, anthropometry, and body mass index were moderate to highly correlated (P < 0.001), with the highest correlation between BIA and subscapular skinfold (r = 0.86) and the lowest between BIA and triceps skinfold (r = 0.54). Insights were gained about relative value of using various measurements to assess nutritional status of HIV-infected populations.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed2004

Developmental milestones and self-feeding behaviors in infants and toddlers.

OBJECTIVES: To identify ages at which gross motor developmental milestones and fine motor skills required for self-feeding were reported by primary caregivers and to relate these self-feeding skills to energy and nutrient intakes. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey of households with infants/toddlers, ages 4 to 24 months. SUBJECTS/SETTING: Telephone survey using a national random sample of infants and toddlers (n=3,022). METHODS: Primary caregivers reported their children's food intake (one 24-hour recall), the ages when caregivers reported self-feeding skills were shown, and the number of teeth. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED: Children's reported ages for gross motor developmental milestones, self-feeding skills, and the number of erupted teeth were summarized. Using t tests, differences in energy and nutrient intake were determined by age groupings and by the absence or presence of each self-feeding skill. RESULTS: Self-feeding skills achieved in the first 2 years and details about age ranges at which developmental readiness to self-feed were evidenced are described. The ages at which children were reported to show gross motor developmental milestones and eruption of teeth occurred within expected age ranges. A majority of the children who were reported to show developmental readiness to self-feed at an earlier age (7 to 14 months) had higher intakes of energy and most nutrients than those who did not. By 15 to 18 months, most of the children were reported to show comparable self-feeding skills regardless of whether they self-fed earlier or later. APPLICATIONS/CONCLUSIONS: Assuming a variety of nutritious foods are offered to infants and toddlers, caregivers may encourage self-feeding without concern for jeopardizing energy and nutrient adequacy. In the first year, the addition of foods that require chewing should reflect the number of erupted teeth.

Caregivers↗
PubMed2004

Toddlers' transition to table foods: Impact on nutrient intakes and food patterns.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the differential changes in average intakes of nutrients and food groups among higher versus lower table food consumers during the transition from baby foods to table foods. DESIGN: A comparative analysis of food and nutrient intakes in the lowest versus highest quartile of energy from table foods based on 24-hour dietary recall data. SUBJECTS: A national random sample of 1,677 US infants and toddlers 9 to 24 months in the 2002 Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS). STATISTICAL ANALYSES: Mean and percentiles of energy intake from table foods; comparisons of mean daily nutrient intake and the percentages consuming various foods and beverages in the lowest versus highest quartile of energy from table foods, by age. RESULTS: The mean percentage of energy from table foods increased from 25% at 9 to 11 months to 63% at 19 to 24 months. Mean intakes of energy, macronutrients, sodium, folate, and fiber were significantly higher for children 9 to 11, 12 to 14, and 15 to 18 months in the highest table food energy quartiles compared to the lowest. Mean calcium intakes were significantly lower among toddlers 15 to 24 months consuming high table food energy, and associated with lower milk consumption. A higher percentage of children in the lowest quartiles of energy from table food were consuming deep yellow vegetables among ages 9 through 14 months. The percentage of children consuming popular items such as pizza, carbonated sodas, French fries, candy and other sweets was higher among those who consumed more energy from table foods in every age group. APPLICATIONS: The epidemic of overweight children mandates helping parents teach healthy eating habits early. Messages that educate parents and caregivers about toddler feeding include: (1) offer a wide variety of nutritious foods, particularly fruits and vegetables, in forms that are developmentally appropriate, (2) continue to feed foods that are good sources of iron, such as iron-fortified infant cereals, ready-to-eat cereals that are high in iron, and meats, (3) to ensure adequate calcium intake, build the habit of drinking milk, and (4) teach children to recognize and honor their hunger and satiety cues.

Child Nutrition Sciences↗
PubMed2003

Effect of dietary intake and protease inhibitors on serum vitamin B12 levels in a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients.

The dietary intake of micronutrients and serum micronutrient status have been topics of concern in relation to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) progression. Most data, however, were collected prior to the introduction of protease inhibitors (PIs). We analyzed dietary intake and serum values of vitamin B(12), including the effect of PIs, in a cohort of persons with HIV infection. During intervals with no PI use, each 1 microg/day increase in B(12) intake was associated with a 1.06 pg/mL increase in serum B(12) levels. However, during intervals with PI use, each 1 microg/day increase in intake was associated with only a 0.12 increase in serum B(12) levels. Adequate serum B(12) levels (>350 pg/mL) cannot be assumed even in the presence of PIs, and dietary supplementation may not be adequate to significantly increase serum B(12) levels. Serum B(12) levels should be determined yearly in persons with HIV infection, regardless of whether they are receiving PI treatment.

Adult↗