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Biomedical subjects

L A Bennett

Publications and source records attributed to L A Bennett.

34 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Depressive symptoms among hospitalized and posthospitalized alcoholics in Yugoslavia.

Two clinical samples of male and female alcoholics undergoing inpatient hospital and posthospital treatment in Zagreb, Yugoslavia, were evaluated for depressive symptomatology and extent of alcoholism, using self-report measures (Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale and Michigan Alcohol Screening Test). Higher levels of depressive symptoms and lower alcoholism scores were reported for the hospital group, in comparison with the posttreatment "Clubs of Treated Alcoholics" group. In the hospital, no significant relationships were found between levels of depression and extent of alcoholic indicators. In the club group, however, those alcoholics who remained depressed (at minimal or mild levels) are also those who perceived themselves as having greater consequences from the alcoholism. The cultural context and psychosocial drinking and postdrinking environments of the alcoholics and their families appear to be important factors in the decline of depressive symptoms among treated, abstinent alcoholics, as well as in the retention of such symptoms among a subset of the sober alcoholics. This suggests that treatment should place a high priority on reordering the social and personal life of the alcoholic and his or her family while also retaining whatever nondrinking social ties that the alcoholic had developed and valued before treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Masking-level difference in filtered-random and amplitude-modulated noise.

The masking characteristics of filtered-random noise and amplitude-modulated noise (40-dB pressure-spectrum level) were studied in a series of four experiments using a masking-level difference paradigm, that is, 500-Hz thresholds in S0N0 and SpiN0 binaural conditions. In Experiment 1 a filtered noise (200-800 Hz) and an amplitude-modulated noise (425-575 Hz) produced equal thresholds in S0N0; for SpiN0, however, the thresholds in amplitude-modulated noise were 1.6 dB lower than were the thresholds in filtered noise. In Experiment 2 S0N0 and SpiN0 thresholds were established in three filtered noise bandwidths (200-800 Hz, 335-685 Hz, and 410-600 Hz) and in the amplitude-modulated noise (425-575 Hz). When the bandwidths of the filtered-random and amplitude-modulated noises were similar, the SpiN0 thresholds were the same but the S0N0 thresholds were different. Experiments 3 and 4 indicated that with amplitude-modulated noise when the zero amplitude crossings of the tone and the noise coincided, the S0N0, SpiN0, and SmNm thresholds were 1.2-2.0 dB higher than were the thresholds when the zero crossings of the tone and noise did not coincide. The data indicate that the masking characteristics of filtered-random noise and amplitude-modulated noise are different. The findings are interpreted as an indication that perceptual phenomena depend on the temporal characteristics as well as the power spectrum of the signal and masker.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Family rituals.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Contributions from anthropology to the study of alcoholism. Overview.

Beginning in the 1950s, we have witnessed a continual acceleration of research activities by anthropologists in the alcohol field. Currently, a substantial number of anthropologists are conducting creative, productive, and eclectic field studies having to do with alcohol use, abuse, and treatment. This overview of this section provides evidence for the proliferation of interest in alcohol research by anthropologists through reports on recent publications, organizational activities, symposia on alcohol topics, and collaborative efforts between anthropologists and colleagues in other fields. Certain themes characterizing the increase in research activities are proposed: the interdisciplinary nature of many anthropology projects and the cross-fertilization of research methods. Each chapter in the section is introduced and placed within the overall context of contemporary alcohol research in anthropology. The overview concludes with a recommendation to expand the role of anthropology in international cross-cultural studies of alcohol.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1979

Family rituals and the recurrence of alcoholism over generations.

There have been relatively few attempts to identify environmental factors in the transmission of alcoholism across generations. Using the framework of family systems theory, the authors examined the extent of change in family rituals in 25 families in which at least 1 parent was or had been an alcoholic. They found that families whose rituals were altered during the period of heaviest parental drinking were more likely to evidence transmission of an alcohol problem to the children's generation than families whose rituals remianed intact.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Corpus luteum function during the early postpartum interval in lactating rhesus monkeys: in vivo and in vitro response to exogenous gonadotropin.

The response of the postpartum corpus luteum to exogenous gonadotropin was studied in 12 lactating rhesus monkeys given daily injections of either human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG, n = 6) or saline (control, n = 6) for 4 days immediately following parturition. Peripheral blood samples were collected daily. On the 5th day postpartum, luteectomy was performed progesterone production by dispersed luteal cells was examined. Whereas progesterone in the peripheral circulation of control monkeys progressively declined between days 1 and 5 postpartum, progesterone levels increased significantly (p less than 0.025) with the onset of HCG treatment and remained significantly (p less than 0.025) elevated above the controls throughout the period of HCG treatment. However, despite the daily administration of HCG, circulating progesterone levels declined (p less than 0.05) between days 3 and 5 postpartum. The weight of the corpus luteum excised from HCG-treated macaques was significantly (p less than 0.005) greater than that of the controls. Dispersed cells from corpora lutea of saline-treated monkeys produced progesterone in vitro under control conditions (nutrient medium alone) and responded to the addition of high (100 ng/ml), but not low (1 ng/ml), levels of HCG with increased steroidogenesis. Although luteal cells from HCG-treated macaques tended to produce more progesterone in vitro than cells from control monkeys, they also exhibited a 50-fold reduction in sensitivity to HCG in vitro. These data suggest that the corpus luteum of lactating postpartum rhesus monkeys exhibited steroidogenic function which was stimulated by exogenous gonadotropin. However, prolonged exposure of the corpus luteum to high levels of exogenous gonadotropin appeared to produce a state of refractoriness to additional gonadotropic stimuli.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Migration within the island of Korcula, Yugoslavia.

For several centuries the village populations on the Yugoslav island of Korcula have remained essentially isolated from each other and from the mainland. Historical, linguistic and biological data indicate that systematic population pressure predominantly came from the coastal area of the Balkan peninsula westward onto the island. To examine short and long range migration on the island, data on the place of birth of parents of adult inhabitants (1168 subjects) were presented and migration matrices analysed applying a gamma function. Most examinees were born in the same village as their parents (86.39%); only 6.33% of the parents migrated between villages on the island; and village endogamy is quite high for the past four generations (75%). When inter-village migration has occurred, migration density is greatest at a distance of 8-12 km, rather than from the immediate neighbourhood. Short range migration occurs up to a mean distance of 33.98 km, long range migration over distances greater than 28 km.

Emigration and Immigration↗