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Biomedical subjects

L A Brenner

Publications and source records attributed to L A Brenner.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Use of electrostimulation in the treatment of diabetic neuroarthropathy.

Charcot's joint is a difficult and sometimes frustrating condition to treat, for both the patient and the physician. The authors give a brief overview of Charcot's joint and the treatment options available. They discuss the use of bone stimulators and how electrostimulation may be used to help arrest the progression of Charcot's deformity. To the authors' knowledge, the use of electrostimulation for the treatment of Charcot's joint has been described only once in the literature; three patients were evaluated in that study. In the current study, 11 patients were evaluated, with promising results obtained, thus supporting the findings of the previous study.

Arthropathy, Neurogenic↗
PubMed1999

Subjective probability of disjunctive hypotheses: local-weight models for decomposition of evidential support.

When the probability of a single member of a set of mutually exclusive and exhaustive possibilities is judged, its alternatives are evaluated as a composite "residual" hypothesis. Support theory (Rottenstreich & Tversky, 1997; Tversky & Koehler, 1994) implies that the process of packing alternatives together in the residual reduces the perceived evidential support for the set of alternatives and consequently inflates the judged probability of the focal hypothesis. Previous work has investigated the global weights that determine the extent to which the overall evidential support for the alternatives is discounted by this packing operation (Koehler, Brenner, & Tversky, 1997). In the present investigation, we analyze this issue in greater detail, examining the local weights that measure the specific contribution of each component hypothesis included implicitly in the residual. We describe a procedure for estimating local weights and introduce a set of plausible properties that impose systematic ordinal relationships among local weights. Results from four experiments testing these properties are reported, and a local-weight model is developed that accounts for nearly all of the variance in the probability judgments in these empirical tests. Local weights appear to be sensitive both to the individual component with which they are associated and to the residual hypothesis in which the component resides.

Cognition↗
PubMed1998

Intracerebroventricular cholecystokinin A-receptor antagonist does not reduce satiation by endogenous CCK.

Suppression of sham feeding by exogenous CCK-8 or intraintestinal oleate infusion is attenuated by peripheral administration of the CCK-A receptor antagonist, devazepide, but not by the CCK-B antagonist, L365260. Likewise, systemically administered devazepide increases food intake by real feeding rats. These results suggest that endogenous CCK participates in the reduction of food intake by intestinal oleate and ingested food. Although originally categorized as a "peripheral" receptor subtype, the CCK-A receptor is also present in the brain. In an effort to examine whether devazepide acts in the brain or in the periphery to attenuate suppression of food intake by intraintestinal oleate, we injected devazepide into the lateral or fourth cerebral ventricles of intraintestinally infused, sham-fed rats. We also compared the ability of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) and intraperitoneal (i.p.) devazepide to elicit increased food intake in real feeding rats. Doses of devazepide that were sufficient to attenuate or abolish oleate-induced suppression of sham feeding, when administered i.p., failed to attenuate suppression of intake when administered i.c.v., i.p. devazepide also was more effective than i.c.v. devazepide for attenuation of the suppression of sham feeding by i.p. injection of exogenous CCK-8. Finally, i.c.v. devazepide was ineffective for increasing real food intake, whereas the same dose administered i.p. significantly increased food intake. Our results do not support participation of brain CCK-A receptors in the suppression of food intake by exogenous CCK, or by endogenous CCK released after intraintestinal oleate infusion, or food intake.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Confidence and accuracy in trait inference: judgment by similarity.

We examined the confidence and accuracy with which people make personality trait inferences and investigate some consequences of the hypothesis that such judgments are based on similarity or conceptual relatedness. Given information concerning a target person's standing on three global personality dimensions, American and Israeli subjects were asked to estimate the target's self-ratings of 50 trait adjectives and to express their confidence by setting a 90 percent uncertainty range around each estimate. The estimates were positively correlated with the actual ratings obtained from subjects who had evaluated themselves in terms of the 50 traits, but were far too extreme. Furthermore, confidence was negatively correlated with accuracy: People's estimates were most inaccurate and made with greatest certainty when the trait in question was highly similar to the information provided as a basic for judgment. We suggest that intuitive personality judgments overestimate the coherence of the structure underlying trait constructs.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Type A CCK receptors mediate satiety effects of intestinal nutrients.

Previous work indicates that endogenous CCK mediates suppression of sham feeding by some intraintestinal nutrients. To test whether the mechanism involved is dependent upon action at type A or type B CCK receptors, we examined the ability of CCKA (devazepide) and CCKB (L-365,260) receptor antagonists to attenuate the suppression of sham feeding by intraintestinal oleic acid, maltotriose, or L-phenylalanine. Suppression by oleic acid or maltotriose was dose dependently attenuated by intraperitoneal administration of the CCKA receptor antagonist, as was suppression by exogenous CCK. The CCKB receptor antagonist failed to attenuate the suppression of sham feeding by these nutrients. Neither receptor antagonist attenuated the suppression of sham feeding induced by intraintestinal L-phenylalanine. These results suggest that suppression of sham feeding by intestinally infused oleic acid and maltotriose is mediated by endogenous CCK acting at CCKA receptors.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Improving text memory by organizing interfering text at retrieval.

We provide evidence that information that organizes interfering text after learning improves recall of original text to which the organizing information does not pertain. Subjects learned two text passages. The second passage was difficult to understand without the aid of a picture that provided the necessary clarifying context. Using the picture as an organizing cue for the second passage (just before retrieval of the first passage) improved recall of the first passage. We address and rule out an alternate explanation that is based on the difficulty of the task immediately preceding recall. These results contradict several traditional hypotheses about interference, and they are difficult to explain with several current models of memory. Implications for learning are discussed.

Adult↗