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Biomedical subjects

L A Holland

Publications and source records attributed to L A Holland.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Classification models of child molesters utilizing the Abel Assessment for sexual interest.

OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study are to demonstrate 1) the criterion validity of the Abel Assessment for sexual interest (AASI) based on its ability to discriminate between non child molesters and admitting child molesters, and 2) its resistance to falsification based on its ability to discriminate between liar-denier child molesters and non child molesters. METHOD: A group of 747 participants matched by age, race, and income was used to develop three logistic regression equations. The models compare a group of non child molesting patients under evaluation for other paraphilias to three groups: 1) a group of admitting molesters of girls under 14 years of age, 2) a group of admitting molesters of boys under 14 years of age, and 3) a group believed to be concealing or denying having molested. RESULTS: Both of the equations designed to discriminate between admitting child molesters and non child molesters were statistically significant. The equation contrasting child molesters attempting to conceal or deny their behavior and non child molesting patients was also statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The models classifying admitting child molesters versus non child molesters demonstrate criterion validity, while the third model provides evidence of the AASI's resistance to falsification and its utility as a tool in the detection of child molesters who deny the behavior. Results of the equations are reported and suggestions for their use are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Obtaining event status at the close of the Treatment of Mild Hypertension Study: methods and implication for other trials.

The Treatment of Mild Hypertension Trial was a randomized, double-blind clinical trial conducted from 1986 to 1992 comparing the efficacy of six antihypertensive treatment regimens in 902 participants with stage I hypertension. To satisfy a secondary objective of the study, follow-up information on mortality and cardiovascular morbidity was collected. For this objective the aim was to ascertain the vital and cardiovascular event status as of the last day of the trial. This was accomplished by inviting each participant to attend a closeout visit shortly after the closeout date. In addition to serving as verification of vital status, this visit allowed data collection on nonfatal events that occurred between the last clinic visit and the closeout date. During this visit the patient was unblinded to study medication and given a medical summary of their participation during the trial, as well as a bottle of open-label medication. The advantages of a closeout visit are discussed along with a call for studies to provide clearer definitions of lost to follow-up and censoring times used in life-table analyses, especially when the primary event includes both fatal and nonfatal events. Control Clin Trials 2001;22:56-61

Antihypertensive Agents↗
PubMed2001

An integrated electrochemical capillary liquid chromatography-dual microelectrode system for bromine based reaction detection.

Amperometric reaction detection of model peptides containing either a thiol or disulfide was successfully achieved with a novel coupled capillary liquid chromatography-dual microelectrode system. Detection is facilitated via dual platinum wire electrodes fabricated directly on a liquid chromatography capillary column. The detection strategy is based on the electrogeneration of bromine at the upstream working electrode followed by reduction of the bromine to bromide at the downstream working electrode. When bromine reacts with analyte eluting from the capillary column, the amount of bromine that reaches the downstream electrode decreases. As a result, the current at the downstream electrode will decrease in proportion to the amount of analyte eluting from the capillary column. Glutathione, glutathione disulfide, alpha-TGF and oxytocin were used to characterize the system and to determine system parameters. The feasibility of the determination of disulfide containing peptides is demonstrated with glutathione disulfide, alpha-TGF and oxytocin.

Bromine↗
PubMed2000

Psychometric analysis of the Sexual Interest Cardsort Questionnaire.

Reliability, measured by Cronbach's coefficient alpha, and concurrent validity, measured by Pearson's r and polychoric correlation coefficients, were evaluated in this study. A sample of 371 sexual offenders referred to the Behavioral Medicine Institute of Atlanta for evaluation of sexual interests and behaviors by the courts were assessed using the Sexual Interest Cardsort Questionnaire (SI), a self-report measure of deviant and nondeviant sexual interest, as well as indicator variables obtained from classifications assigned by clinicians as a result of 2 hour-long, semistructured clinical interviews. Internal consistency of 75 items from the SI ranged from 0.71 to 0.96, across 15 categories of sexual interest and behavior. Additionally, the SI was shortened utilizing Cronbach's alphas to maintain a high level of internal consistency. The resulting questionnaire, the shortened SI (SIS), had 45 items and 15 categories. Cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.78 to 0.97. Utilizing Pearson's r and polychoric correlation coefficients, significant correlations were found for the 11 sexually deviant categories of the SI and indicator variables, and the 10 sexually deviant categories of the SIS and indicator variables. The SI and SIS showed a high level of reliability and concurrent validity. Clinical and research issues pertaining to the clinical assessment of male sexual offenders utilizing self-report and clinical interview data, both obtained as the result of comprehensive evaluations, are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Postcolumn reaction detection with dual-electrode capillary electrophoresis-electrochemistry and electrogenerated bromine.

This is the first report of postcolumn amperometric reaction detection for capillary electrophoresis and dual-electrode detection. Bromide present in the run buffer is oxidized to bromine at the first electrode and subsequently detected at a second electrode downstream. Analytes that react with bromine cause a decrease in signal at the downstream electrode that is proportional to analyte concentration. Bromine is known to react with a variety of compounds, including thiols, thioethers, disulfides, amines, and unsaturated organic compounds. In this paper, the development of a new wire--wire on-capillary dual electrode that is well suited to bromine-based post-column reaction detection is described. System performance was evaluated using glutathione, cysteine, and methionine as test analytes. The final optimized system could be operated continuously for 24 h and was stable for day-to-day use for at least two weeks. The response for cysteine was linear from 0.5 to 20 microM with a limit of detection of approximately 80 nM.

Acetylcysteine↗
PubMed1997

Capillary electrophoresis in pharmaceutical analysis.

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a separation technique particularly suited to the analysis of pharmaceutical compounds. This review offers a detailed discussion of the four common modes of detection coupled to CE-UV absorption, fluorescence, electrochemical, and mass spectrometry-and gives examples of the use of these methods in pharmaceutical analyses. Sample preparation and pretreatment techniques used for CE separations are described, as well as methods of preconcentration including hydrophobic retention, affinity concentration, sample stacking, and isotachophoresis. The use of affinity CE, chiral CE, and capillary gel electrophoresis for analysis of pharmaceuticals is covered in detail, and recent advances in capillary electrochromatography and CE on a chip are also discussed.

Electrophoresis, Capillary↗
PubMed1995

Separation of nanoliter samples of biological amines by a comprehensive two-dimensional microcolumn liquid chromatography system.

A two-dimensional liquid chromatography system based on the combination of a charge separation mechanism, provided by anion exchange chromatography, with a hydrophobic separation mechanism, provided by reversed phase chromatography, is presented. A 90 cm long anion exchange microcolumn is coupled to a 3 cm long reversed phase microcolumn. Both microcolumns are interfaced by two electronically controlled valves. Effluent from the anion exchange microcolumn is collected in a sample loop and then concentrated onto the head of the reversed phase microcolumn. Analyte peaks consisting of tagged amines elute from the second column and are detected by laser-induced fluorescence. The entire operation is controlled by a personal computer. The resolving power of this system is demonstrated with a two-dimensional chromatogram of the peptides obtained from a tryptic digest of porcine thyroglobulin. The sensitivity of the system is demonstrated with a two-dimensional chromatogram of the contents of a single bovine chromaffin cell.

Amines↗
PubMed1995

Postnatal depression: a Christchurch study.

AIMS: The aims of the study were to enquire into the incidence of postnatal depression (PND) and factors associated with it, in a New Zealand population. METHODS: A wide ranging postal questionnaire, which included the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS), was administered to a sample of 1330 women 6-9 months after the birth of their babies at Christchurch Women's Hospital, in 1991/2. RESULTS: Measured on the EPDS, 80% of the women were not depressed, 7% were at a threshold level of depression and 13% were more severely depressed. Only 6% recognised their symptoms as depression. The factors having the greatest association with high depression scores were: depressive symptoms before and during the pregnancy; serious deterioration in the partner relationship after the birth; decreased energy, confidence and happiness levels after the pregnancy; moderate or severe premenstrual tension prepregnancy; frequent nausea in later pregnancy; low education and low income. CONCLUSIONS: Postnatal depression appears to be more widespread than is generally realised. The findings suggest that, at the time of postnatal checks on the baby, greater use could be made of the EPDS to increase confidence in a diagnosis of depression. Involvement of male partners in the treatment process is highly desirable.

Depression↗
PubMed1982

Waterfowl mortality caused by aflatoxicosis in Texas.

Waterfowl mortality caused by aflatoxicosis occurred in two separate areas in Texas during the 1977-78 wintering season. The first outbreak occurred in snow geese (Anser caerulescens) on the Gulf Coast prairies, followed by an outbreak in mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) in the north-central portion of the state. Aflatoxin B1 levels in geese were 500 ng/g (dry weight). Aflatoxin B1 levels in the second mortality were 10-250 ng/g (dry weight). The exact source of the toxin was not demonstrated in the first outbreak, but in the second outbreak was traced to waste peanuts, which constituted a major portion of the diet of wintering waterfowl in north-central Texas. Aflatoxin B1 levels in the field peanuts collected in the general areas were 110 ng/g.

Aflatoxin B1↗