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Biomedical subjects

L A Kozhemiakin

Publications and source records attributed to L A Kozhemiakin.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

[Immunological changes in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis during glutoxim therapy].

The paper deals with the effect of glutoxim included into a preoperative preparation regimen on immunological parameters in patients with fibrocavernous pulmonary tuberculosis. On admission, all the patients had inadequate cellular immunity and activated humoral immunity. After termination of a course of glutoxim therapy, there was an increase in the baseline low values of lymphocytic proliferative activity, in the count of mature T lymphocytes, and in the production of IL-2 induced by phytohemagglutinin. At the same time the similar parameters remained unchanged in the control group. The drug exerted the most noticeable stimulating effect on cellular immunity in patients with a limited process. Glutoxim produced no noticeable effect on humoral immunity. The immunomodulating effect of glutoxim was followed by improvement of the clinical and X-ray pictures of the disease. In glutoxim-treated patients with baseline immunological disorders, progression was found to occur 1.5-2 times more infrequently than in the control group. Indications for the use of glutoxim in the treatment of tuberculosis are specified on the basis of the baseline immunological parameters of each patient.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Glutoxim in the complex treatment of tuberculosis].

Results of Glutoxim investigation are presented. Glutoxim is the the drug of the new class--thiopoietins. It is considered to be immunorehabilitator as it modulates intracellular process of thiols metabolism, initiates cytokins system, activates phagocytosis etc. Results of the glutoxim administration at the 42 patients with tuberculosis using traditional treatment regimes are presented. Results of the randomized study at the patients with severe disseminated drug-sensitive and drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis demonstrated high efficacy of the glutoxim and its good tolerability. Glutoxim administration allowed to shorten the period of tuberculosis intoxication signs disappearance, to shorten the period of sputum negativation and shortened the period of pulmonary inflammation reverse process. Glutoxim application was specially favorable at the patients with severe tuberculosis complicated by viral or medicamental hepatitis.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed2001

[Molecular genetic aspects of the antineoplastic effect of gluthoxim].

Gluthoxim--bis(g-L-gluthamyl)-L-cystenyl-bis-glycin disodium salt (C20H32O16N6S2)--is an analog of oxidized gluthation with a stable disulfide bond. It is a drug of a new class of thiopoetins which regulate thiol disulfide metabolism. Gluthoxim is used as a support substance in chemotherapy of cancer. The present investigation deals with feasibility of gluthoxim-induced apoptosis in tumor cell cultures, including human myeloleukema cells HL60 which lack protein p53 gene, so crucial for apoptosis. Also, gluthoxim effect was studied with respect to transformed murine fibroblasts C8 and A4, carrying the plasmide structure with Ras and E1A genes which boost Ras-gene expression. This in turn makes fibroblasts ready to start apoptosis. Gluthoxim induction of cell death was demonstrated in both cell lines; however, apoptosis in cells C8 (with intact gene p53) was much more pronounced than in cells A4 without this gene. It is suggested that apoptosis can be triggered by both imbalance of redox potential typical of tumor cells, induction of p53 synthesis and an impact on the phosphoproteinase cascade of Ras-signal pathway.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[Clinico-experimental basis for regional and systemic administration of thiopoietins in liver cirrhosis. Report I].

The authors present results of studying the effectiveness of a new class of medicines--preparations of the group "Glutoxim" (Molixan, Redoxell, Bikvolit, Liglutin) obtained on the model of experimental cirrhosis of the liver in 76 white rats caused by dimethylnitrosamin, and describe their first experience with using thiopoietins in 24 patients with cirrhosis of the liver in a surgical clinic. It was found that three weeks of treatment with Molixan and Bikvolit gave a significant hepatoprotecting effect (less amount of the connective tissue, reduction of the dystrophic processes in hepatocytes). A positive effect of Redoxell was shown in longer time of treatment. When used in clinic therapy with thiopoietins was followed by correction of the T-cell link of immunity in most patients. One of the most important results of treatment with medicines of the group of thiopoietins was a substantial improvement of the quality of life of the patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Effectiveness of the glutathione s-transferase assay in diagnosing lung cancer].

The paper deals with a description of a procedure of immunoradiometric assay of glutathione S-transferase pi in blood serum. A significantly increased level of said enzyme of more than 9.85 ng/ml in 75% of patients with different cancers of the lung has been established, as compared with non-tumor pathologies. These findings point to the feasibility of application of this enzyme in lung cancer diagnose.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1993

[The subcellular distribution of the glutathione system enzymes in the brain tissue of the rat].

Using the percoll density gradient method for rapid isolation of organelles the distribution of glutathione system enzymes in the rat brain was characterized including glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR). In the fraction of mitochondria, the shares of GPx, GR, and GST were found to be as much as 92, 61, and 15% from their respective general activities. No enzymatic activity was found in lysosomes. Fractions of organelles with low density (microsomes, Golgi complex, cytoplasmic membranes) were cross-contaminated. Nevertheless, on the base of the established dynamics of distribution of the marker enzyme activity among various cell organelles it is suggested that, besides mitochondria, the glutathione system enzymes may be localized primarily in the endoplasmic reticulum, rather than in other organelles.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[The laboratory diagnosis of atherogenic disorders in servicemen].

In order to calculate the atherogenic coefficient the authors have made a comparative estimation of methods for determining alfa-cholesterin in serum applying various temperature regimes during sedimentation of beta and pre-beta-lipoproteids. It was found out that the complete sedimentation of beta and pre-beta-lipoproteids could be obtained after incubation of specimen into the ice bath for 30 min. (t 0-4 degrees C) with further centrifugation at room temperature. No differences were disclosed in comparison with the reference method based on refrigerated centrifugation at 2-4 degrees C.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[The molecular mechanisms of exposure to ionizing radiation].

The article studies biochemical processes which occur in man's organism after the influence of ionizing radiation. The authors thoroughly describe the mechanisms of radioactively induced free radical reactions, radiation injuries of membranes, post-radiation disorders in cellular energy supply and cellular cyclatic system.

Cell Death↗
PubMed1992

[Genomic instability and AIDS].

The biochemical mechanisms underlying blood lymphoid cell genome destabilization in patients with HIV infection have been analyzed. Lymphocytes from HIV patients are characterized by increasing intensity of free radical oxidation together with activation of the xanthine oxidase D-form conversion into the O-form, enhanced activity of UV-endonuclease, and intensification of prooxidant-induced proteolysis. These changes increasing with the progress of the disease with a maximum at the AIDS stage form a metabolic basis for labilization of the lymph cell genome. The degree of biochemical manifestations of genome instability (levels of chromatin degradation products and intensity of formation of one-filament nicks of DNA) increase in the dynamics of HIV-infection. The data obtained are discussed in terms of the author's conception on the origin of AIDS from retroposons (retrotransposons?). A hypothesis is postulated on accumulation of autonomous genetic information on the basis of genome labilization under the influence of genotoxic factors. Clinico-biochemical data on the appearance of HIV proteins (p17, p24) in the blood of patients (previously negative for all HIV markers) in the presence of transfusions of HIV-negative blood and UV-irradiation of the autoblood are also discussed from this standpoint.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

[Xanthine oxidase activity in mononuclear cells of human blood].

Xanthine oxidase activity has been revealed in human blood mononuclear cells. The enzyme is found in these cells only after solubilization. This may become the explanation for contradiction with other previous data claiming absence of xanthine oxidase in human blood mononuclears. The level of enzyme activity is 2.76 +/- 0.029 mu mol/g protein.min. The latter is readily inhibited with allopurinol and folic acid.

Allopurinol↗
PubMed1991

[The etiopathogenesis of poisonings by the components of technical fluids].

The studies of peculiarities of aliphatic alcohol metabolism in etiopathogenesis of acute poisoning with methyl alcohol and ethilenglicol have shown that it was reasonable to apply the inhibitors of alcoholdehydrogenase as a specific antidote in emergency therapy. Inhibitors prevent the formation of toxic products by blocking metabolism of these spirits.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

[Ultraviolet irradiation of autologous blood in the complex treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus].

A single reinfusion of UV-irradiated autologous blood was performed in 76 patients with non-insulin-dependent (NID) and insulin-dependent (ID) diabetes mellitus. Lipid peroxidation (LPO), activity of glycolysis and pentose cycle principal enzymes, red cell cyclic nucleotides, hormones concentrations, glucose utilization were investigated. It is shown that general physiological action of UV radiation is primarily due to LPO stimulation responsible for changes in cell membrane properties. This action may vary with baseline LPO characteristics. UV radiation is valid in combined therapy of NID diabetes mellitus as it activates intracellular metabolism, reduces concentration of ++contra-insular hormones, improves tissue utilization of glucose. ID diabetes mellitus is contraindication for UV radiation use as additional stimulation of initially high LPO entails inhibition of activity of intracellular enzymatic systems participating in glucose metabolism, leads to low production of endogenous insulin.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[AIDS in children based on autopsy data from the Kalmyk ASSR].

6 cases of HIV infection were revealed by enzyme immunoassay and immunoblotting among 144 children who had died in Elista. Another 5 children might have had HIV-infection but laboratory analyses either were lacking or gave doubtful results. Laboratory results were negative in 133 children. Similar severe changes of the lymphoid system typical for immunodeficiency were found in all children. These changes in HIV infection were characterized by lymphogenic generalized RNA infection. Complications (secondary diseases) in the form of DNA-virus infections (cytomegalia and herpes simplex), pneumocystosis and other viral and bacterial processes were observed in children of all groups. The disease was found mainly in Kalmyks. Blood examination of healthy Kalmyks revealed some differences in the form of significant decrease of the lysosomal cationic proteins content and the peroxydase activity of neutrophil leucocytes as compared to the same indexes obtained in Leningrad. There was also a tendency to the decrease of T-lymphocyte content. The children dying from immunodeficiencies lived mainly along the litoral of an ancient sea.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗