PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

L A Nagode

Publications and source records attributed to L A Nagode.

33 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Origin an importance of increased alkaline phosphatase activity in peritoneal fluids of horses with colic.

The origin of increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in peritoneal fluid (PF) of horses with clinical signs of abdominal pain was investigated to determine the usefulness of measuring ALP in PF in the diagnosis of small intestinal injury. The ALP isoenzymes in PF from 10 clinically normal horses and from 50 horses with clinical signs of acute abdominal pain were analyzed for their sensitivities to inhibition by L-phenylalanine, L-homoarginine, and levamisole and to inactivation by heat (56 C, 15 minutes). The enzymes also were discriminated by their patterns of migration during polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis. Of 50 horses with colic, 20 had ALP activity in PF at least 3 times the upper limit of normal. Of these 20 horses, 10 had marked increases of ALP activity in PF ranging from 10 to 150 times the mean value of activity as determined in the 10 normal horses. In the 50 horses with colic, ALP values in serum were within the normal range. In 19 of the 20 sick horses, the ALP in PF had properties different from small intestinal ALP. Of the 10 PF samples with markedly increased ALP activity, 9 had a group of properties that were unique for granulocytic ALP. The clinical diagnoses for the 10 horses with markedly increased ALP activity in PF included thromboembolic colic (4 horses), colonic torsion (2 horses), small intestinal volvulus (2 horses), peritonitis (1 horse), and salmonellosis (1 horse). Properties of the enzyme in the 10 PF samples with moderately increased ALP activity were compatible with a granulocytic origin, but insufficient enzyme concentration precluded electrophoretic confirmation of the source. The PF from 1 horse had a mixture of ALP isoenzymes derived from granulocytes and small intestinal mucosa. Of the 50 horses with colic, 6 had severe small intestinal disease without increased ALP activity in PF. Apparently, increased ALP activity in PF cannot be used as a reliable indicator of small intestinal injury in horses, because the ALP is predominantly granulocytic in origin.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1979

Isoenzymes of equine alkaline phosphatase.

Alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes from small intestine, cecum, large colon, small colon, liver, kidney, leukocytes, and serum from ten clinically normal horses were defined by their sensitivities to L-phenylalanine, L-homoarginine, levamisole and heat, and by polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis. Readily identifiable isoenzymes occurred in small intestine, granulocytes, kidney, cecum, and large and small colon. By contrast, alkaline phosphatases from liver, lymphocytes, and serum could not be discriminated by this group of tests.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1977

Effect of dichloromethane diphosphonate on calcium homeostatic mechanisms in pregnant cows.

The administration of 4 mg/kg/day of dichloromethane diphosphonate (Cl2MDP) subcutaneously to pregnant cows fed a low-calcium diet significantly reduced bone resorption as indicated by microradiographic evaluation of endosteal surfaces of cross sections of ribs. Plasma parathyroid hormone levels were similar between Cl2MDP-treated and control cows prepartum, during EDTA infusions, and near parturition. Ultrastructurally, chief cells of the parathyroid glands of both groups of cows were in the active stage of the secretory cycle. The chronically stimulated chief cell from cows administered Cl2MDP had a large cytoplasmic area containing many lipofuscin granules and lysosomal bodies and a few secretory granules near the large Golgi apparatus or aligned along the plasma membrane. Uptake of calcium 45 by the duodenal mucosa incubated in vitro was greater in Cl2MDP-treated cows compared to control cows. The administration of Cl2MDP significantly reduced rapidly mobilization calcium reserves. Following an intravenous EDTA infusion and the spontaneous calcium drain associated with parturition and the beginning of lactation, Cl2MDP-treated cows developed severe hypocalcemia. The rapid mobilization of calcium reserves in cows administered Cl2MDP prepartum was impaired mainly because of diminished resorption of bone despite adequate parathyroid hormone secretion in response to severe postpartal or EDTA-induced hypocalcemia.

Animals↗
PubMed1974

Effects of parathyroid hormone on bone of thyroparathyroidectomized rats: an ultrastructural and enzymatic study.

Osteoblasts and osteocytes in adult thyroparathyroidectomized (T(x)PT(x)) rats fed a low calcium vitamin D-free diet and given parathyroid (PTH) had ultrastructural evidence of increased activity compared to controls. Osteoblasts in PTH-treated rats had prominent rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatuses and large mitochondria. The plasma membranes were extensively convoluted and associated with initial loci of mineralization in osteoid. Osteocytes contained increased rough endoplasmic reticulum, well-developed Golgi apparatuses and large mitochondria. Lacunar walls were roughened, but osteocytic osteolysis was not observed. Osteoclasts were encountered more frequently in PTH-treated rats, but their ultrastructural features were similar to those of controls. Osteoblasts and osteocytes in controls appeared to be inactive cells lining quiescent mineral surfaces. Parathyroid hormone treatment increased serum calcium levels and urinary hydroxyproline excretion, indicating enhanced resorption of bone mineral and matrix. Bone alkaline phosphatase and calcium-adenosine triphosphatase activities were elevated after PTH treatment and may be related to increased calcium transport by bone cells. These findings were interpreted to suggest that PTH mobilizes bone mineral by osteoclasis and increases metabolic activity of the osteocyte-osteoblast pump.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1974

Ultrastructural evaluation of the effects of vitamin D and uremia on bone in the rat.

Pharmacologic doses of vitamin D given to uremic rats significantly elevated serum calcium levels and produced dramatic ultrastructural changes in osteoblasts and osteocytes compared to placebo-treated uremic rats. Osteocytes in uremic rats given vitamin D were interpreted to have increased metabolic activity, with greater amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum, and they contained finely granular mineral in pericellular sheaths. Osteoblasts appeared to have reduced activity with lesser amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum, increased ribosomes and amorphous mineral frequently deposited along plasma membranes compared to uremic rats given placebo treatment. Osteoclasts were seen more frequently in uremic rats given vitamin D. Bone cell response in sham-operated rats administered vitamin D was distinctly different. Osteocytes and osteoblasts appeared to have greater metabolic activity compared to vitamin D-treated uremic rats. Osteocytes in sham-operated rats had increased amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes. Osteoblasts were larger, with moderate amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum, and had no mineral deposits along the plasma membranes. Osteoclasts were more numerous in sham-operated rats administered vitamin D. The altered response of bone cells in uremic rats given vitamin D was postulated to be due to the elevated serum phosphorus and greater release of calcitonin from thyroid C cells.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Anemia of chronic renal failure in dogs.

Seventeen dogs with chronic renal failure (CRF) were studied to evaluate the incidence, type, and etiology of anemia in CRF. A nonregenerative, normochromic, normocytic anemia was seen in 12 of 17 dogs (70.6%). There was a direct correlation between the degree of anemia and the extent of CRF as assessed by serum creatinine concentrations (P = .0386, r = .50923). Erythrocyte concentrations of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG) were significantly increased in anemic animals and showed a close correlation to the degree of anemia. The high DPG concentrations may compensate for the anemia by decreasing the hemoglobin-oxygen affinity and thereby facilitating tissue oxygenation at low hematocrits. Serum concentrations of erythropoietin (Epo) were in the low to normal range, despite mild to moderate anemia, documenting a deficiency of Epo in dogs with CRF. The nonregenerative nature of the anemia supports impaired hematopoiesis as a significant etiologic factor. Other factors, such as increases in serum parathyroid hormone and phosphorus, were not found to correlate significantly with the degree of anemia, although there were significant differences between their concentrations in anemic compared with non-anemic dogs. There was no change in erythrocyte osmotic fragility with uremia. The documentation of a nonregenerative, normochromic, normocytic anemia, with failure of an appropriate increase in Epo production, supports the therapeutic use of Epo in the management of the anemia seen in CRF in the dog.

2,3-Diphosphoglycerate↗