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Biomedical subjects

L A Persson

Publications and source records attributed to L A Persson.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Food habits and nutrient intake in childhood in relation to health and socio-economic conditions. A Swedish Multicentre Study 1980-81.

In Sweden a multicentre nutritional survey was performed in 1980-81 in four different parts of Sweden. The total number of children investigated was 1109, of whom 92 were two years old, 332 four years, 338 eight years and 347 thirteen years. The 24-hour recall method was used in all children. In addition 7-day record was used in the 2-, 4- and 8-year-olds and the dietary history method in the 13-year-olds. During the weekdays the 2-, 4-, 8- and 13-year-old children had 5.9, 5.8, 5.4 and 5.2 meals and snacks per day, respectively. During weekends these respective numbers decreased to 5.7, 5.6, 5.1 and 5.0. The mean number of light meals and snacks was almost the same on all days and varied between 2.4 and 3.3 in the different age groups. The part of the energy intake deriving from snacks has increased during the last 15 years. The mean daily energy intakes for the 2-, 4-, 8- and 13-year-old boys and girls were 5.8 and 5.6, 6.9 and 6.5, 8.9 and 7.9 and 12.1 and 9.7 MJ respectively. These values are below the recommendations for all age groups except the 2-year-old boys. The mean daily intakes of protein, retinol, ascorbic acid, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B12 and calcium were almost invariably higher or much higher than the recommendations, while those of vitamin D and zinc were below the recommended values. The iron intake fulfilled the recommendations except for the 2-year-olds and the 13-year-old girls. The intake of protein and fat expressed in per cent of the total energy intake was very similar in all age groups, about 14 per cent and 35-37 per cent respectively. The mean ratio between polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids (P/S ratio) was also the same in all age groups, i.e. 0.22-0.23. This low ratio is explained by a high consumption of dairy products. Furthermore, the nutrient density of the food did not change appreciably with age. The only exception was found for the 2-year-old children, who had slightly higher nutrient density values on account of a relatively high consumption of fortified follow-up formula. In all age groups the mean nutrient densities of vitamins D and B6 and of iron were below the recommendations to varying degrees. No clinical signs of nutritional deficiencies, iron deficiency included, were found in any age group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Surgical treatment of congenital cystic dilation of the biliary tract.

Cystic dilation of the biliary tract in 38 Vietnamese children is reported. Most had symptoms and signs of cholangitis and biliary obstruction. The surgical management is discussed, and for choledochal cyst resection of the cyst with hepaticojejunostomy Roux-en-Y is recommended. Postoperative cholangitis occurred in 16% of the children. The overall mortality was 18% after a median follow-up time of 28 months. Cystic dilation of the biliary tract is suggested to be a congenital entity, resulting from two pathogenetic factors--an unexplained structural anomaly of the biliary duct wall and an abnormality of the choledochopancreatic junction. A new classification is proposed, based on previous reports and the present study: A1) choledochal cyst, A2) choledochal diverticulum, A3) choledochocele, B) biliary cyst of the main hepatic ducts, C) intrahepatic and extrahepatic cyst, and D) Caroli's disease (intrahepatic biliary cysts).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Infant feeding and dental caries--a longitudinal study of Swedish children.

The aim of the study was to compare dietary habits in children at the age of 12 months with the caries status at the age of 3. In 312 children, residing in 3 different parts of Sweden, a dietary study was carried out at 12 mo. of age, and in 275 (88%) a caries examination was performed at the age of 3. At 12 months of age, higher education of the mother was positively correlated with consumption of bread, vegetables, fruit and meat and negatively with frequency of sucrose-rich foods. At the age of 3, caries was diagnosed in 16% of the children. The prevalence of cavities was related to the level of education of the mother in all 3 areas, cavities being most numerous in children whose mother had received a shorter education. A discriminant analysis showed that the equation discriminating the two a priori defined groups, one with and one without caries at the age of 3, contained a number of sucrose-rich foods. The 3-year-old children with caries had generally consumed cakes, butter, bread and sweet soups more frequently at the age of 12 months than the children in the non-caries group. The analysis thus indicated that - on the group level at least - a dietary pattern, which may be casually linked with future dental caries development, was already established at the age of 12 months. Dietary counselling, when the child is 12-18 mo. of age and based upon information about the dietary habits of the child could thus be of value to prevent caries in the preschool child.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1984

Measuring children's diets: evaluation of dietary assessment techniques in infancy and childhood.

Epidemiological studies of dietary habits in infancy and childhood face a number of difficulties, which are more or less specific for these ages. In connection with studies on dietary habits of Swedish infants and children an evaluation of different dietary assessment techniques was performed. Breastfeeding data obtained in retrospective interviews at six months had good validity. The reliability of breastfeeding and weaning data decreased over time. Short questions on food frequencies, often used in research and clinical practice, were shown to be a poor screening instrument and suffered from biases when used in groups of four- and eight-year-old children. Group mean estimations of dietary intake of four- and eight-year-old children obtained by 24-hour recalls were close to those of seven-day records from the same individuals. Dietary intake in a 13-year-old group according to 24-hour recall and dietary history differed significantly; the dietary history gave much higher estimations. The reliability of dietary history in a small group of 13-year-old boarding school children was fairly good. The internal validity of food recording was examined by use of chemical analysis of duplicate portions. Generally, there was good agreement between the records and the analysed duplicates. The intake of a number of nutrients varied during the week, often showing a maximum towards the weekend. The intake of vitamin C was higher in winter time, otherwise no seasonal variation was found. The intra-individual variation in dietary intake is illustrated and its consequences for dietary studies are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Nutrition and health in childhood: causal and quantitative interpretations of dental caries.

The aim of the present study was to suggest a causal model of dental caries and to discuss some quantitative interpretations of this model. Three age groups of children (4, 8 and 13 yr) from three different areas in Sweden were included. The caries status of the children was examined. A 7-day record (4-and 8-yr-olds) and a dietary history (13-yr-olds) were used to estimate food intake. Sociodemographic data and data of caries preventive measures were obtained from parents/children. A causal model of dental caries is suggested and some quantitative interpretations are made by means of path analyses. Hypothetical examples of results of changes in caries determinants are given.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

From breastmilk to family food. Infant feeding in three Swedish communities.

The feeding habits of 312 Swedish infants have been followed longitudinally from birth to one year of age. The duration of breastfeeding had increased in comparison with the low figures in the beginning of the 1970s. Complementary foods were usually introduced from three months of age. At the age of 6 months all infants received complementary foods such as semi-solids and solids and about 90% were given follow-up formula. Parents belonging to higher socioeconomic strata were more prone to act in accordance with general feeding recommendations, e.g. regarding breastfeeding duration, time of introduction of complementary foods and gluten-containing foods and the use of sucrose-rich foods.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Dietary habits and health risks in Swedish children.

Childhood dietary habits associated with short- or long-term health risks have been studied cross-sectionally in 738 Swedish children aged 4, 8 and 13 years. Dietary information was obtained from 7-d records in the 4- and 8-year-old groups and from dietary history interviews in the 13-year-old group. The dietary intake of sodium, fats and energy as well as the dietary habits of overweight and normal-weight children were analysed. The probability of a high diastolic pressure increased with sodium intake and relative weight-for-height in the 8-year-old group. The fat intake was characterized by a high intake of cholesterol and saturated fatty acids and a relatively low P/S (polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acids) ratio. The overall prevalence of overweight (weight-for-height 110.0 to 119.9 per cent of standard) was 11 per cent. The prevalence of obesity (greater than or equal to 120 per cent) was 5 per cent in the 4-year-old group, 3 percent in the 8-year-old group and 11 per cent in the 13-year-old group and also varied with socioeconomic group. The overweight children had an energy intake which, in absolute figures, was equal to that of the normal-weight children. The high prevalence of some of the health-risk-related dietary habits calls for a population approach to prevention.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Dietary intake of weaned infants in a Swedish community.

The energy and nutrient intake of 6 and 12-month-old weaned Swedish infants was studied by means of 24-h recalls. Milk-cereal follow-up formulas played a dominating role in the diet, contributing 57 per cent of the total energy intake at 6 months and 26 per cent at 12 months. The ratio between the macronutrients was characterized by a high-protein and low-fat intake; 16-17 per cent of energy derived from protein and 29-33 per cent from fat at 6 and 12 months respectively. The protein intake was also high in absolute figures: 3.3 g per kg body-weight at 6 months and 4.2 g per kg at 12 months. The mean daily energy intake for these normally growing infants was 75 per cent of the recommended daily allowance (RDA) at 6 months, and the need for a revision of the energy allowances in infancy is discussed. The estimated daily intake of iron was equal to the RDA at 6 months and 80 per cent of the allowance at 12 months. The daily intake of vitamin D exceeded the RDA to such a degree, that the present level of vitamin D supplementation through oral drops is questioned.

Diet↗
PubMed1981

Growth of nerve-cell body and myelinogenesis in mouse trigemnal ganglion and root: a combined cytofluorometric and morphometric study.

Postnatal growth of mouse trigeminal ganglion cells and myelinogenesis in the central and peripheral portions of the trigeminal root were studied in animals aged 0-120 days. The trigeminal ganglion cells were dispersed into single cell suspensions. The growth of individual nerve cells was quantitated by measuring total protein content with a new cytofluorometric method based on o-phthaldialdehyde binding to cells fixed in a mixture of ethanol and acetic acid. White matter from the C.N.S. protrudes from the brainstem into the trigeminal root, comes into direct contact with the P.N.S. in a transitional region. C.N.S. and P.N.S. and myelinogenesis were studied in the same population of trigeminal sensory nerve fibres. Myelinogenesis was quantitated at the ultrastuctural level by morphometric techniques. A prominent peak in nerve cell body growth occurred between 3 and 6 days. Myelinogenesis in terms of established contacts between axons and their myelinating cells started at the same time in C.N.S. and P.N.S. and the transformation from nonmyelinated to promyelinated and myelinated fibres occurred concurrently in the central and peripheral parts of the trigeminal root. The growth of the myelin sheath, that is, the addition of myelin lamellae, was faster and more intense in P.N.S. than in C.N.S. This could reflect the fact that a Schwann cell myelinates only one internode, whereas an oligodendrocyte provides myelin for several internodes in different axons. These results support the concept of a common 'signal' for myelinogenesis in C.N.S. and P.N.S.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Uptake of horseradish peroxidase in sensory nerve terminals of mouse trigeminal nerve.

Uptake of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in sensory nerve terminals in sinus hair in the nose of the mice was studied after local (s.c.) or i.v. injections. HRP spread into the sinus hair follicles and surrounded the nerve terminals of the Merkel disc endings and lanceolate terminals. It was incorporated into vacuoles and vesicles of these terminals. Subsequently, HRP was demonstrated in nerve cell bodies in the ophthalmo-maxillary part of the trigeminal ganglion, indicating a somatopetal axonal transport of the tracer. In this way the sensory neurons may be subjected to various influences from the periphery.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Studies on hexachlorophene-induced myelin lesions in the trigeminal root transitional region in developing and adult mice.

Hexachlorophene (HCP)-induced intramyelinic vacuolation was studied in the transitional region of the trigeminal root of suckling and adult mice. HCP produced an extensive vacuolation in the central compartment of the region in both suckling and adult mice, while in the peripheral compartment myelin lesions were only seen in mice less than 16 days of age. Gas chromatographic measurements showed that in suckling mice the blood concentration of HCP decreased with age, apparently reflecting a faster elimination of HCP from the blood. By substantially increasing the HCP dose, higher blood concentrations were obtained in adult than less the 16-day-old mice; in spite of this, PNS myelin changes occurred only in the latter. Thus, by observing the HCP effect on the transitional region, where CNS and PNS directly meet, it is concluded that CNS of both suckling and adult mice is more severely effected by HCP than PNS, and that the reaction of the PNS myelin is age-dependent during the period of myelinogenesis; it is particularly vulnerable to a cytotoxic edema inducing substance.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1978

Neural spread of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 in mice after corneal or subcutaneous (footpad) inoculation.

Twelve herpes simplex virus (HSV) strains, 6 of each type, were inoculated subcutaneously into the left hind foot and into the cornea of the right eye of 12-day-old Swiss albino mice. The neural spread of virus to trigeminal and spinal ganglia and to brain and spinal cord was studied by demonstration of infective virus, histology and electron microscopy. Type 1 and type 2 infections seemed to spread equally well by intra-axonal transport. Using a protein tracer (horseradish peroxidase) injected into the same site as the virus, transport of the tracer to neurons corresponding to those infected with virus was observed. The extensive destruction of CNS tissue in the transitional region of the trigeminal root where CNS and the peripheral nervous system meet is discussed with reference to the pathogenesis of HSV encephalitis.

Animals↗