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L A Sauer

Publications and source records attributed to L A Sauer.

54 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

The mitochondrial malic enzymes. I. Submitochondrial localization and purification and properties of the NAD(P)+-dependent enzyme from adrenal cortex.

Rat and calf adrenal cortex homogenates were found to contain three different malic enzymes. Two were strictly NADP+-dependent and were localized, one each, in the cytosol and the mitochondrial fractions, respectively. These two enzymes appear to be identical to those described by Simpson and Estabrook (Simpson, E. R., and Estabrook, R. W. (1969) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 129, 384-395). The third was NAD(P)+-linked and was present in the mitochondrial fraction only. All three malic enzymes separated as distinct bands during electrophoresis on 5 percent polyacrylamide slab gels at pH 9.0. Marker enzymes and the mitochondrial malic enzymes migrated together in intact mitochondria during sucrose density gradient centrifugations despite changes in the equilibrium position of the mitochondria promoted by energy-dependent calcium phosphate accumulation. In adrenal cortex mitochondria subfractionated by the method of Sottocasa et al. (SOTTOCASA, G.L., KUYLENSTIERNA, B., ERNSTER, L., and BERGSTAND, A. (1967) J. Cell Biol. 32, 415-438), both malic enzymes were associated with the inner membrane-matrix space. Sonication solubilized the two malic enzymes along with the matrix space marker enzymes. The NAD(P)+-dependent malic enzyme was purified 100-fold from calf adrenal cortex mitochondria. The final preparation was free of malic dehydrogenase, fumarase, the strictly NADP+-linked malic enzyme and adenylate kinase. Either Mn24 orMg2+ was required for activity and 1 mol of pyruvate was formed for each mole of NAD+ and NADP+ reduced. The pH optima with NAD+ and NADP+ were 6.5 tp 7.0 and 6.0 to 6.5, respectively. Michaelis-Menten kinetics were observed on the alkaline side. Fumarate, succinate, and isocitrate were positive and ATP and ADP were negative modulators of the regulatory enzyme. The modulators did not influence the stoichiometry and they were not metabolized during the reaction. Under Vmax conditions the ratios for the rate of NAD+:NADP+ reduction were 1.76 and 1.15 at pH 7.4 and 6.0, respectively. The apparent Michaelis constants also differed depending on the pH and the coenzyme. At pH 7.4 (in the presence of 5 mM fumarate) and at pH 6.0 (no fumarate) the Km values for (-)-malate, NAD+, and Mn2+ were 1.7, 0.16, and 0.15 mM, and 0.31, 0.06, and 0.09 mM, respectively. At pH 7.4 (5MM fumarate) and pH 6.0 (no fumarate), the Km values for (-)-malate, NADP+, and Mn2+ were 6.5, 0.62, and 0.59 mM, and 0.68. 0.12, and 0.31 mM, respectively. The apparent Ki values for ATP with NAD+ and NADP+ as coenzyme were 0.42 and 0.27 mM, respectively.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMedDate not supplied

New actions of melatonin on tumor metabolism and growth.

Melatonin is an important inhibitor of cancer growth promotion while the essential polyunsaturated fatty acid, linoleic acid is an important promoter of cancer progression. Following its rapid uptake by tumor tissue, linoleic acid is oxidized via a lipoxygenase to the growth-signaling molecule, 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (13-HODE) which stimulates epidermal growth factor (EGF)-dependent mitogenesis. The uptake of plasma linoleic acid and its metabolism to 13-HODE by rat hepatoma 7288CTC, which expresses both fatty acid transport protein and melatonin receptors, is inhibited by melatonin in a circadian-dependent manner. This inhibitory effect of melatonin is reversible with either pertussis toxin, forskolin or cAMP. While melatonin inhibits tumor linoleic acid uptake, metabolism and growth, pinealectomy or constant light exposure stimulates these processes. Thus, melatonin and linoleic acid represent two important environmental signals that interact in a unique manner to regulate tumor progression and ultimately the host-cancer balance.

Animals↗