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Biomedical subjects

L A Wilkerson

Publications and source records attributed to L A Wilkerson.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Exercise-induced asthma.

Exercise-induced asthma is the phenomenon of transient airflow obstruction, typically 5 to 15 minutes after physical exertion. The increased airway resistance produces a 15% or greater decrease in the forced expiratory volume in 1 second, or in peak expiratory flow rate. Exercise-induced asthma occurs in 90% of individuals with asthma, representing 12% to 15% of the population world-wide. The prevalence of exercise-induced asthma among athletes ranges between 3% and 11%. Several theories of the etiology exist: respiratory heat or water loss (or both), hyperventilation causing discharge of bronchospastic chemical mediators or rebound rewarming of the blood in airway tissues. Treatment is either by pharmacologic or nonpharmacologic means, but medication continues to be the cornerstone of therapy for exercise-induced asthma. beta 2-Specific agonists remain the drugs of choice. Cromolyn sodium and nedocromil sodium are alternatives to the beta 2-agonists, and the combined use of the two classes of agents can provide additive benefits.

Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists↗
PubMed1997

Martial arts injuries.

In the United States, approximately 1.5 million to 2 million persons practice the martial arts. It is the general belief that martial arts are safe, with little thought given to the physical forces involved. Some enthusiasts gravitate to the martial arts to learn self-defense, whereas others participate to improve cardiovascular fitness, flexibility, and self-esteem. Some join for the structured exercise programs, whereas others desire the artistic expression or have a need to compete. Injuries involve the head and neck region, trunk, and extremities. Soft tissue trauma, hematomas, and lacerations are some of the most common injuries. Occasionally fractures occur, most often involving the hands and digits. The neurosurgical literature indicates that wearing headgear increases the shearing injury to nerve fibers and neurons in the brain in proportion to the degree of acceleration to the head. Three case presentations illustrate death resulting from anterior chest trauma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Ankle injuries in athletes.

Ankle injuries are the most frequent cause of physician evaluation in a sports-oriented environment. The lateral ligaments are most commonly injured. With a detailed history, physical and radiographic examination to avoid missing underlying pathology, the primary care physician can diagnose and treat the majority of ankle injuries. Occasionally, stress radiographs, arthograms, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is needed. The vast majority of ankle sprains can be treated with adhesive tape strapping or semirigid orthotics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication followed by rehabilitation. Key points of rehabilitation are control of pain and swelling acutely with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories and RICE (rest, ice, compression, and elevation), then restoring normal range of motion, strengthening muscle groups, and retraining proprioception of the ankle joint.

Ankle↗
PubMed1991

Effects of tutors with subject expertise on the problem-based tutorial process.

With the increased interest in problem-based, small-group learning in medical education, a debate has arisen about whether the tutor should be an expert in the subject under discussion. This 1988 study at Harvard Medical School demonstrates that tutors' expertise has important effects on the process of discussion in a problem-based tutorial. In comparing discussions of subjects in which the tutors described themselves as expert with those in which they did not, the authors found that the tutors with expertise tended to take a more directive role in tutorials: they spoke more often and for longer periods, provided more direct answers to the students' questions, and suggested more of the topics for discussion. Tutor-to-student exchanges predominated, with less student-to-student discussion. These effects endanger an important goal of problem-based learning: the development of students' skills in active, self-directed learning.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1984

The female athlete.

Anatomic considerations are the female athlete's wider pelvis, shorter extremities and lower center of gravity. There is little qualitative difference in the muscle tissue of men and women; differences in strength stem from the amount of muscle mass. Amenorrhea/oligomenorrhea is common in runners, ballet dancers, cyclists, gymnasts, body builders, figure skaters and, to a lesser extent, swimmers. Pregnancy limits activity, but current evidence indicates that exercise during pregnancy is not harmful to either the mother or the fetus.

Athletic Injuries↗