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Biomedical subjects

L A Wisneski

Publications and source records attributed to L A Wisneski.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Review of calcitonin: future perspectives and new opportunities in therapy.

The calcitonins are a family of hormones with diverse pharmacologic and therapeutic effects. They have extensive interactions with many cellular and physiologic systems. Currently, the calcitonins have a well-established role in the treatment of bone and mineral disorders and have gained respect in the international community with regard to their usefulness as analgesic agents. Future investigations will reveal the pluripotent therapeutic role of the calcitonins in clinical medicine.

Analgesia↗
PubMed1992

Clinical management of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Today, 24 million Americans are at risk for osteoporosis. Of the 2 million fractures that occur each year in the United States, approximately 1.3 million are directly due to osteoporosis. Osteoporosis, a preventable and treatable condition, takes on great importance because of the enormous impact these fractures can have on mortality, health care costs, patient productivity, independence, and self-esteem. Advances in diagnostic techniques and improved understanding of risk factors allow clinicians greater acumen in the classification and diagnosis of osteoporosis. Today, FDA-approved therapy for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis includes calcium and vitamin D supplementation, estrogen and progesterone, and calcitonin-salmon. This article presents a review of the current understanding of each of these as well as experimental forms of therapy.

Female↗
PubMed1990

Salmon calcitonin in the acute management of hypercalcemia.

Salmon calcitonin has been used for the management of acute hypercalcemia for the past several years. Unlike other hypocalcemic agents, it is effective within 2 hours after first dosing. This pharmacologic agent shows peak effect at 24-48 hours and has a duration of action of 4-7 days in most cases. Its effectiveness may diminish thereafter despite continuous administration (the so-called "escape phenomenon"). Salmon calcitonin has been shown to be effective in the management of acute hypercalcemia due to a variety of causes, and, because of its low toxicity profile, it may be administered to patients with congestive heart failure or azotemia. Salmon calcitonin is also an analgesic agent in patients with pain associated with bone metastases and may be used in conjunction with other hypocalcemic agents such as mithramycin, the bisphosphonates, or gallium nitrate to prolong the clinical response to more than 1 week. Salmon calcitonin is therefore effective and safe in the management of acute hypercalcemia.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1978

Salmon calcitonin in hypercalcemia.

We have undertaken a study of 24 hypercalcemic patients with the use of salmon calcitonin as a therapeutic agent. Seventy-five percent of the patients exhibited a clinically significant decrease in serum calcium and approximately half became normocalcemic within 2 hr. Throughout salmon calcitonin administration, the mean serum calcium of the patients was lower than the pretreatment values. Although the drug did not always lower the calcium level to normal, it often brought the hypercalcemia to more tolerable levels. During the course of calcitonin therapy, the number of patients with normal or near-normal serum calcium ranged from 31.3% (at 96 hr) to 82.4% (at 30 hr). Many of the patients improved symptomatically. The only significant side effects were nausea and vomiting in 12.5% of the patients, which necessitated cessation of therapy in only one. The drug was well tolerated in patients with azotemia. Calcitonin-induced hypocalcemia was not encountered. Salmon calcitonin can be used safely alone or in conjunction with other hypocalcemic therapies.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Calcitonin in thyroidectomized patients.

Hypothyroid patients with total or near-total thyroidectomy were found to have detectable immunoreactive calcitonin in the serum and urine. These findings suggest that human calcitonin may be secreted by extrathyroidal tissues.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Limited calcitonin reserve in hyperparathyroidism.

A comparative study was made of the serum calcitonin levels of patients with hyperparathyroidism. The mean serum calcitonin of those with hyperparathyroidism did not differ significantly from normal persons (mean +/- SEM: 130 +/- 16 pg/ml vs 124 +/- 7 pg/ml, respectively.) Only 0.5% of patients with hyperparathyroidism had values exceeding the upper limits of normal. In contrast, the mean serum calcitonin of patients with hypercalcemia of nonparathyroid etiology was considerably higher than normal (354 +/- 75 pg/ml, p < 0.001)), and 41% exceeded the upper limits of normal. Calcium infusion induced less of an increase in serum calcitonin for patients with hyperparathyroidism than for normal persons. In addition, the diminished responsibility was also present postoperatively. These findings suggest that the prolonged hypercalcemia associated with hyperparathyroidism results in a decreased calcitonin reserve which may persist for unknown reasons. In the clinical evaluation of hypercalcemic patient, the finding of hypercalcitonemia is suggestive evidence against the diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism.

Calcitonin↗