PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

L A Zhukova

Publications and source records attributed to L A Zhukova.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Analyzing the epidemic situation due to tuberculosis and ways of optimization of its control in the penitentiary facilities of the Ulyanovsk Region].

The dynamics of epidemic parameters and the specific features of development of tuberculosis were analyzed in prisoners in 1989-2001. It was ascertained that 98.7% of them were infected with tuberculosis and most of them belonged to a tuberculosis high-risk group. In 67.5% of those who had fallen ill, the process was detected within the first 3 years of their confinement. A scheme of interaction of main propulsive forces of an epidemic process in tuberculosis (exogenous and endogenous infections and risk factors) is presented. It has been found that surveys for tuberculosis are not a deterrent for a rise in the incidence rates due to endogenous infection. The use of factorial analysis and systems approach in the epidemiology of tuberculosis has explained some regularities in the development of an epidemic process, revealed reasons for the aggravated tuberculosis situation in penitentiary institutions, and considered prospects for its improvement.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[The role of indirect lower lymphoscintigraphy for radiotherapy planning in Hodgkin's lymphoma].

The feasibility of application of indirect lower lymphoscintigraphy (ILLSG) was assessed in 202 patients with Hodgkin's disease. Its high diagnostic potential was demonstrated by comparison with direct X-ray contrast lymphography: ILLSG's sensitivity was 91.5%, specificity--76.1% and overall accuracy--88.4%. The procedure used for topometric preparation prior to exposure of paraaortal and ileaco-inguinal lymph nodes proved instrumental in designing individual irradiation fields: their boundaries were altered in 21.6% on the basis of ILLSG data.

Feasibility Studies↗
PubMed2002

[Role of radionuclide imaging of bone marrow and spleen in choice of therapy and topometric preparation for radiotherapy of patients with Hodgkin disease].

Use of radionuclide methods of bone marrow (BM) and spleen visualization was assessed in 176 patients with primary Hodgkin's disease and 116 relapsing cases. The study was intended to help design treatment modality and carry out topometric measurements for exposure to radiation. Stage of tumor was revised in 19 primary patients as a result of BM scintigraphy, and this factor was responsible for major changes in the treatment modality in 11 patients (6.2%). This factor played a similar role in designing irradiation field boundaries in another 18 primary patients (10.2%). Similarly, the choice of treatment modality was revised in 33 relapsing patients (27.5%). The standard roentgenometric data on the anatomical reference points of the spleen and those of radionuclide-assisted visualization were compared in 37 patients. In 17 (45.9%), part of the spleen was shown by scintigraphy to be outside the irradiation boundaries delineated by the roentgenometric procedure. Roentgenometry located the spleen well inside the irradiation fields in 8 patients (21.6%). However, due to scintigraphy, their boundaries were altered to cut down the exposure of the left kidney (5) or the left lung (3). Complete agreement between roentgenometric and scintigraphic measurements were reported in 12 patients (32.4%) only.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed2001

[Risk factors for bone marrow involvement in Hodgkin's disease].

The significant factors of risk for bone marrow involvement in Hodgkin's disease included age over 40 yrs, such unfavorable histological features as lymphoid exhaustion and nodular sclerosing stage II, symptoms of intoxication, an ESR of more than 50 mm/h, increased fibrinogen (> 5.0 g/l), blood-plasma alkaline phosphatase (> 130 units), leukocyte concentration (> 10,000 per min) and decreased hemoglobulin (< 100 g/l). Despite the reliable correlation between bone marrow involvement and said factors, relevant data did not provide a similarly reliable basis for accurate prognosis of tumor dissemination. However, our findings pointed to two categories of Hodgkin's disease patients characterized by minimal risk of tumor dissemination--patients under 20, with stage I-II AB and IIIA tumors,--and patients with similar tumors and such favorable histological patterns of major pathology as high lymphocytic ratio and nodular sclerosing stage I.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Post-radiation compensatory peripheral expansion of hemopoiesis in Hodgkin's disease patients].

Development of peripheral expansion (PE) of hematopoiesis provides a basic mechanism of compensation for radiation-related damage to the bone marrow (BM) in radiation-treated patients with Hodgkin's disease. Radio nuclide visualization of BM established a significant correlation between PE degree and extent of BM damage. Among other things, it was found that hematopoiesis PE does not increase significantly until 35% of BM is involved and not until 12-24 months after radiotherapy; after 25 months and later, PE starts to subside. In patients under the age of 15, PE was triggered on at an earlier stage than in adults (within the first 12 months) and there was no correlation between the volume of exposed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Role of bone marrow scintigraphy in defining the therapeutic approach for some malignant tumors in children] .

The data on scintigraphic examinations of the bone marrow (BM) carried out in 76 patients, aged 2-16, are evaluated. Focal, multi-focal and diffuse lesions were identified. Metastases to BM were detected in 6 out of 28 (21%) patients with Hodgkin's disease. Scintigraphic evidence played a role in working out treatment modalities in 4 cases. Metastatic foci located outside primary tumor were detected in 3 out of 26 (11.5%) patients with Ewing's sarcoma and scintigraphic findings were considered in all 3 cases when scope of radiotherapy and chemotherapy intensity were elaborated. Also, lesions to BM were found in 9 out of 22 (41%) patients with neuroblastoma. Radiotherapy was ruled out in 4 cases of multi-focal and diffuse lesions while all 5 patients with focal ones received it.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Comparison of diagnostic significance of bone and bone marrow scintigraphy in patients with Hodgkin disease].

Diagnosis of skeletal tumors in patients with Hodgkin's disease is of paramount importance for precise staging of tumor process, prognosis and choice of optimal treatment. At present, according to the International Union Against Cancer (UICC), scintigraphy of bones and bone marrow is not regarded as a standard examination procedure for this pathology. We believe, however, that the sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy of this procedure for bone marrow examination are 91.4; 94.8 and 92.9%, while those of osteoscintigraphy--49.1; 97 and 80.6%, respectively. According to our statistics (based on chi-square-test), the sensitivity and overall accuracy of osteoscintigraphy were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than those of bone marrow scintigraphy. The specificity (100%) of bone marrow trepanobiopsy is beyond doubt. However its sensitivity (36%) and overall accuracy (70.7%) were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than those of bone marrow scintigraphy (based on chi-square-test). Therefore, since the results of bone marrow scintigraphy are comparable to those of MRT which, like bone marrow trepanobiopsy, is a component of the diagnostic standard procedure approved by the UICC, bone marrow scintigraphy should be recommended for assaying the extent of involvement in Hodgkin's disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[RŁadiolymphography with 113mIn-chloride in the diagnosis of the lymphogenic metastases of skin melanomas].

One hundred and thirty indirect lymphoscintigraphies (74 lower and 56 upper ones) using 113mIn-chloride were performed in 121 cases of skin melanoma. Metastatic involvement of lymph nodes was characterized by either increased or decreased accumulation of the radionuclide. The overall accuracy of the procedure was 0.85 for the inguinal, 0.82--iliac and 0.75--for the axillary lymph nodes.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Calcium-regulating hormones in endogenous hypercorticism].

Investigation of 44 patients with endogenous hypercorticism (EH) of various degrees of severity showed that the development of osteoporosis was accompanied by changes in the indices of calcium-phosphorus metabolism and calcium regulating hormones. Marked variations in the level of parathyroidin, calcitonin, vitamin D3 were observed in a severe type of EH. All the examinees were characterized by a decrease in the transport form of vitamin D3, which was most noticeable in a mild form of EH. A significant decrease in the concentration of the transport form of vitamin D3 against a background of hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria in mild EH can be regarded as the most informative indicators in early diagnosis of initial symptoms of osteoporosis.

Adolescent↗