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Biomedical subjects

L Applewhaite

Publications and source records attributed to L Applewhaite.

4 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

TRYPNET. New hemoparasite information network.

Although Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana share borders and climatic and geographic similarities, the countries have maintained little contact, due to language, political, and administrative differences. In 1993, two international organizations involved in the improvement of animal health, the Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA) and CIRAD-EMVT (Centre de Cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developpement-Elevage et Medecine Veterinaire des Pays Tropicaux), jointly developed a collaborative project between the veterinary services of the three countries entitled "Hemoparasite Network for the Guianas." This project seeks to pool livestock, laboratory, and technical resources between the three countries in order to generate and exchange information on hemoparasites of livestock. A Hemoparasite Reference Laboratory for the Guianas has been created at the CIRAD-EMVT laboratory in Cayenne, French Guiana. Besides processing ruminant serum samples from the three countries, specialists from this organization conduct training in hemoparasite diagnostic techniques for laboratory personnel from Guyana and Suriname. A large-scale epidemiologic study of hemoparasites of cattle in the three countries is under way, to determine the prevalence, distribution, and clinical and economic significance of hemoparasites in the three countries, particularly Trypanosoma vivax and T. evansi. Preliminary results are presented and discussed. A Hemoparasite Information Network (TRYPNET) has been initiated, including a quarterly hemoparasite newsletter (TRYPNEWS), published in English and Spanish and disseminated to researchers in the Americas, Europe, and Africa. In 1995/96, it is proposed to expand the network's scope to include Venezuela and Brazil.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed1993

Ovine trypanosomosis: a seroepidemiological survey in coastal Guyana.

The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence rates of Trypanosoma vivax and Trypanosoma evansi in sheep in coastal Guyana. Blood samples were taken from a systematic random sample of one hundred and ninety-three (193) sheep on twenty-two (22) farms in Region 5, Mahaica/Berbice, a coastal area of Guyana. Age, breed, sex, and farm of origin were recorded for all sampled sheep. One hundred and seventy-six (176) serum samples were submitted for Indirect Fluorescent Antibody (IFA) testing for T. vivax and T. evansi. Fluorescence was graded as 0 (negative), 1+(very weak), 2+(weak), 3+(strong) or 4+(very strong), measured at 1:160 dilution of serum. Samples were considered to be sero-positive if any fluorescence was observed. Indirect Fluorescent Antibody results were received for one hundred and sixty-one (161) samples. One hundred and three (64%) sera were sero-positive for Trypanosoma sp. Of these, 38 (23.6%) sera were positive to T. evansi only, 11 (6.8%) were positive to T. vivax only and 54 (33.5%) were positive for both. As cross reactions occur between T. vivax and T. evansi, it was difficult to determine the true species of exposure for the sera which tested positive to both species. The overall sero-prevalence rate of 64% suggests that trypanosomosis is endemic in sheep in coastal Guyana. This was the first serological evidence of T. evansi in Guyana. Although T. vivax is believed to be pathogenic in sheep, the clinical significance of T. evansi remains unknown. The vector of both species of trypanosomes in sheep on the north coast of South America also is not known.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Leptospiral agglutinins among cattle in the Republic of Guyana.

Cattle sera collected in the Republic of Guyana during 1981 to 1982 were examined for serologic evidence of leptospirosis. Significant leptospiral agglutinins (1:100 or higher) were disclosed in 49.1% of 2,935 apparently normal cattle from 734 farms in the three major cattle-raising regions of the country. Seroreactions principally involved hardjo and wolffi of the Sejroe serogroup, icterohaemorrhagiae, pomona, tarassovi, canicola and grippotyphosa. A high proportion of reactions to one or more of different leptospiral serovars were observed in each of the three regions. These variations were attributed to differences in environmental conditions and farming practices. The findings provided evidence for the first time of the widespread occurrence of leptospirosis in cattle in Guyana caused by multiple leptospiral serovars.

Agglutinins↗