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Biomedical subjects

L Ash

Publications and source records attributed to L Ash.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Halicephalobus gingivalis (H. deletrix) infection in two horses in southern California.

Two horses, a 16-year-old male Holsteiner and a 5-year-old male miniature horse, were diagnosed with halicephalobiasis at the California Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory System, San Bernardino Branch, in April and June of 1998. Over a period of 4 weeks, the Holsteiner horse developed renal dysfunction, blepharospasm, and blindness in the right eye. A 15-cm-diameter mass was detected on ultrasound examination in the right kidney. Terminally, the animal developed seizures and was euthanized. The miniature horse had a 6-week-long illness characterized by testicular enlargement and uveitis. This animal developed ataxia and died. Necropsy examination revealed bilateral enlargement of the kidneys in both horses, petechial hemorrhages of the optic nerve (Holsteiner), and a diffusely firm and enlarged left testicle (miniature horse). Microscopic evaluation of tissues revealed granulomatous nephritis, optic neuritis, retinitis, and encephalitis in both horses and orchitis in only the miniature horse with intralesional rhabditiform nematodes. Halicephalobus gingivalis was found in the urine sediment of both animals and in semen of the Holsteiner horse.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Home care considerations for chronic and vulnerable populations.

Conducting a predischarge home assessment can provide important information to the hospital care team for discharge planning and postdischarge care. In addition, a predischarge home visit assists the family in preparing for the infant or child's care needs. This report describes an Environmental Assessment Guide initially developed and subsequently used in two nursing research studies. Anecdotal information from advanced practice nurse care records is provided to illustrate issues relating to predischarge assessment.

Child↗
PubMed1996

Computer reminders improve on-time immunization rates.

OBJECTIVES: This study examines the effectiveness of computer-generated telephone reminders in improving infants receiving on-time immunizations. A computer called parents at home, reminded them of their child's visit, and asked if they could keep the appointment. If parents either canceled or failed to honor the appointment, the computer called back a few days later and asked them to reschedule. METHODS: A medical assistant recruited 124 consecutive mothers to receive automated computer reminders. These mothers' infants were younger than 6 months, were being seen at an outpatient clinic for a first visit, and were patients of three attending physicians and three nurse practitioners. These infants were compared to 89 infants from the same clinic, in the same age range, who were being seen for the first time during the same period by the same providers but not contacted by the medical assistant. Subjects were selected from mothers who brought their infants for their first visit in an outpatient urban clinic that serves predominantly minority clients. A research assistant reviewed patients' medical records and collected the infants' birthday, mothers' age, race, source of payments, and the immunization record of the infants. Immunization was considered to be late if, at the time of the first visit, it was more than 30 days past due for any of the recommended immunizations of the American Academy of Pediatrics, except for Hepatitis B vaccine which was not recommended at the time of the study. The dependent variable was on-time immunization. The independent variables were age of the mother at baseline, age of the child at baseline, and membership in either the comparison or the experimental group. Chi-square tests and logistic regression were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The participation rate for appointments for the experimental group was 82%, as compared to a 69% overall participation rate for the clinic providers. The on-time immunization rate for experimental subjects was 67.8%, whereas the comparison group had an on-time immunization rate of 43.4% (differences were significant at alpha levels less than 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Computerized reminders sent to the parents led to an increase in participation rate at the clinic and an increase in on-time immunization for their infants.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Trichomonas vaginalis, HIV, and African-Americans.

Trichomonas vaginalis may be emerging as one of the most important cofactors in amplifying HIV transmission, particularly in African-American communities of the United States. In a person co-infected with HIV, the pathology induced by T. vaginalis infection can increase HIV shedding. Trichomonas infection may also act to expand the portal of entry for HIV in an HIV-negative person. Studies from Africa have suggested that T. vaginalis infection may increase the rate of HIV transmission by approximately twofold. Available data indicate that T. vaginalis is highly prevalent among African-Americans in major urban centers of the United States and is often the most common sexually transmitted infection in black women. Even if T. vaginalis increases the risk of HIV transmission by a small amount, this could translate into an important amplifying effect since Trichomonas is so common. Substantial HIV transmission may be attributable to T. vaginalis in African-American communities of the United States.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nutritional assessment for children who are HIV-infected.

Pathophysiologic, psychosocial, and economic considerations are important in nutritional assessment of infants and children who are HIV-infected. Nutritional assessment guidelines vary based on the child's circumstances. Specific assessment guidelines are proposed for (a) ongoing ambulatory care; (b) when growth decelerates or its below the fifth percentile; (c) acute illness; and (d) home and community care. The guidelines are based on data collected from a sample of 16 children who were HIV-infected and their families during a pilot study of transitional nursing care using advanced practice nurses. The guidelines were inductively derived from patient care records and from a review of the literature.

Child↗