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Biomedical subjects

L Aukrust

Publications and source records attributed to L Aukrust.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Immediate type hypersensitivity to common moulds. Comparison of different diagnostic materials.

Extracts of five common atmospheric moulds (Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Mucor and Penicillium) obtained from different manufacturers were compared by means of skin prick testing and, partly, with the radioallergosorbent test. Considerable differences were found between the extracts with respect to positive tests found in mould-allergic individuals and controls. A purified allergen preparation of Cladosporium herbarum was superior to the crude allergen extracts. The results suggest that the allergen contents of the extract differed both with respect to total allergenic potency and to allergenic composition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Severe hypersensitivity or intolerance reactions to measles vaccine in six children. Clinical and immunological studies.

Six reported cases of anaphylactic reactions due to measles vaccinations of children were investigated. The reactions appeared to be immediate hypersensitivity reactions most probably due to allergy. Trace amounts of calf serum proteins were demonstrated in the measles vaccine by means of crossed immunoelectrophoresis whereas egg antigens could not be detected by this method. The reason for the untoward reactions was not identified. Atopic traits were not reported in any of the patients but were found in first degree family members of three of them. Skin prick testing with measles vaccine was positive in one of the patients only, whereas skin prick testing with egg yolk, egg white, cow's milk and calf serum were negative in all cases. RAST was performed with allergosorbents containing different material used during the vaccine production, but was negative in all cases. The results with control individuals were in accord with previous reports that patients with allergy to hen's egg tolerate the injection of measles vaccine. Immediate hypersensitivity reactions to measles vaccine may occur independent of allergy to egg and even in children without any known allergy or atopic heredity.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1979

The allergenic structure of allergen M from cod. III. Studies on the antigenicity of long-sequence peptides.

Fragments TM 1 (75 amino acid residues) and TM 2 (38 amino acid residues), and 3 other polypeptides (range 16-25 amino acid residues) of Allergen M from cod were shown to be active in rabbit IgG-mediated reactions. The same peptides were previously found to possess reactivity in IgE-mediated reactions, thus suggesting a structural relationship between their antigenic and allergenic determinants.

Absorption↗
PubMed1979

Crossed radioimmunoelectrophoretic studies of distinct allergens in two extracts of Cladosporium herbarum.

Cladosporium herbarum was supplied from two sources and extracted identically. Antisera against the extracts were produced in rabbits and two reference patterns were established using crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE). Both patterns showed more than 60 precipitates but less than 50% of the detectable antigens appeared to be identical in the two extracts. The allergens were identified by means of crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis (CRIE) using sera from 35 individuals with proven or suspected allergy to C. herbarum. Four important and 10-20 less important allergens were demonstrated. Among the allergens present, there were none reacting with all patient sera. Only 1 out of 3 rabbits immunized with a suspension of broken cells of C. herbarum showed precipitating antibodies to the statistically most important allergen, while 9 rabbits immunized with aqueous extracts of the mold did not. The composition of the two extracts with respect to allergens differed. Allergens present in one extract were not always detectable in the other. The experiments also showed how CIE/CRIE with various combinations of antigens and antisera may be combined with CRIE inhibition, radioallergosorbent test (RAST) and RAST inhibition for comparing complex allergen extracts at the molecular level.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Partial purification and characterization of two Cladosporium herbarum allergens.

Two important Cladosporium herbarum allergens (Ag-54 and Ag-32) were partly purified by means of diafiltration, gel filtration and isoelectric focusing. Modifications of quantitative immunological techniques, including autoradiography, were used as assay systems for allergenic activity and to provide a basis for evaluation of the immunological purity of the allergens. Ag-54 appeared to have a molecular weight of approximately 25,000 daltons and an isoelectric point of 5.0. The molecular weight of Ag-32 appeared to be approximately 13,000 daltons. It consisted of 5 molecular species differing in isoelectric points from 3.4 to 4.4 in intervals of approximately 0.25 pH units. These variants of Ag-32 seemed to be antigenically and allergenically identical.

Allergens↗
PubMed1978

The specificity of radiostaining in crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis.

The major allergen from codfish (DS 22) was used to study specific and non-specific radiostaining in crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis (CRIE). Various modifications of CRIE experiments were performed including experiments where immunoprecipitates in agarose were transferred to test tubes and the radioactivity was measured in a gammacounter. The degree of non-specific binding of IgE and 125 I-anti-IgE to the percipitates was low. A linear relation was found between the amount of human serum IgE antibody used in CRIE and the degree of radiostaining obtained. Increasing the amount of DS 22 in the precipitates from 0.31 to 2.5 microgram resulted in a moderate increase in the uptake of 125 I-anti-IgE, whereas further increase of the amount of DS 22 (5--10 microgram) resulted in reduced uptake of isotope. Serum from a patient containing IgE antibodies to rabbit serum gave rise to radiostaining over the entire antibody-containing gel area, and it is suggested that such human sera be avoided when using CRIE.

Allergens↗
PubMed1978

The diagnosis of immediate type allergy to Cladosporium herbarum. Differences between extracts and the efficacy of radioallergosorbent test (RAST) assays.

The radioallergosorbent test (RAST) was used to demonstrate IgE antibodies to Cladosporium herbarum in 35 children. Freeze-dried samples of Cladosporium herbarum were obtained from two commercial products, extracted and used for the preparation of two rast disc series which were compared with the commercially available Phadebas Cladosporium herbarum discs. Marked qualitative differences were found.

Child↗
PubMed1978

Demonstration of distinct allergens by means of immunological methods. Comparison of crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis, radioallergosorbent test and in vivo passive transfer test.

An immunosorbent column was prepared containing a purified major allergen fraction from codfish (DS 22) covalently coupled to agarose. Sera from patients allergic to codfish were run through the column at pH 7.2. After extensive washing, the IgE retarded in the column was eluted with a buffer at pH2.5. The original sera and fractions from the chromatography experiments were examined by means of crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE), crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis (CRIE), radioallergosorbent test (RAST) and in vivo passive transfer (PK) tests using the DS 22 from codfish and a crude codfish extract. The experiments demonstrated that the crude extract contained a minor codfish allergen (antigen-17-cod) which was distinct from DS 22. RAST was the most convenient technique for the identification of fractions containing allergenic activity. The PK tests served to prove the biological activity in vivo. CIE/CRIE were superior to RAST and PK tests regarding their ability to identify distinct allergens. Full agreement was found between results using different techniques including the immunosorbent experiments. Some of the radiostaining in CRIE, however, was misleading due to coprecipitation of DS 22 in several precipitates in the CIE preparations of the crude codfish extract.

Allergens↗
PubMed1978

Crossed immunoelectrophoretic and crossed radioimmunoelectrophoretic studies employing a model allergen from codfish.

A standard reference pattern in crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) of the parvalbumin fraction of a cod white muscle extract was established. Crossed line immunoelectrophoresis (CLIE), tandem CIE and crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis (CRIE) were used to identify the major allergens, thereby establishing a basis for future work employing quantitative immunoelectrophoretic techniques in the study of codfish allergens. Rocket immunoelectrophoresis and rocket-line immunoelectrophoresis were used to demonstrate antigenic determinants on polypeptide fragments of the major allergen, Allergen M. The results show the usefulness of these techniques in studies of antigenic determinants on non-precipitating polypeptides. CRIE with 8 patients's sera showed radiostaining indicating IgE binding corresponding to at least 7 precipitates in the crude extract CIE preparations. The purified DS 22 fraction was shown to contain 2 CRIE-positive (IgE-binding) precipitates. When using Allergen M, these precipitates were also demonstrated, one of them in trace amounts only.

Allergens↗
PubMed1977

A reference system in crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis.

A reference system for crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis (CRIE) has been developed. The system takes into account the variable quality of the 125I-labeled anti-IgE and permits a direct comparison of the results from one experiment to another. Simultaneously with the preparation of the CRIE slides, a standard series of small paper discs are prepared containing varying, defined amounts of 125I-labeled anti-IgE. These paper discs are laid out for autoradiography together with the CRIE slides. After short periods of exposure, only paper discs with large amounts of isotope are visible on the X-ray films. Longer exposure times permit paper discs with smaller amounts of isotope to be visible. Each precipitate is assigned to a Crie class depending on the number of paper discs visible when the precipitate is detected for the first time.

Antigens↗
PubMed1977

Cladosporium herbarum extract characterized by means of quantitative immunoelectrophoretic methods with special attention to immediate type allergy.

Freeze-dried extract of Cladosporium herbarum Link ex Fr. was obtained by growing, harvesting, extracting, centrifuging, dialysing and freeze-drying. Quantitative immunoelectrophoresis using rabbit antibodies revealed the extraction procedure to be reproducible and the extract to be composed of 57 antigens, none of which originated from the substrate used in the growth. The molecular weight distribution and the approximate molecular weight of some antigens of C. herbarum were obtained using gel filtration. The pI distribution and the approximate pIs of a few distinct antigens of C. herbarum were obtained by isoelectric focusing. Preliminary identification of 4 allergens from C. herbarum was performed by means of CRIE (crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis).

Antibodies, Fungal↗