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Biomedical subjects

L Auslander

Publications and source records attributed to L Auslander.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Comparison of various Helicobacter pylori detection methods: serology, histology and bacteriology.

The current gold standard test for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori involves histological staining and/or urease testing of antral biopsy specimens. However, these methods are invasive, and alternative non-invasive methods, i.e. the urease breath test and serological tests, are available. The test for H. pylori-specific serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) is now available commercially. The aim of this study was to compare the gold standard tests for diagnosis of H. pylori to the non-invasive method of detecting IgG antibody in the serum. Two hundred and twenty-five (225) subjects were tested for H. pylori by histological staining, urease testing, direct microscopy of antral biopsy specimens and quantification of serum IgG antibody. The population examined was divided into 2 groups--a group of 52 patients with no gastrointestinal symptoms and a group of 173 patients with dyspepsia. Out of 173 dyspeptic patients, 22 (12.7%) were false-positive to H. pylori. Out of 52 non-dyspeptic subjects, 30 (57.7%) were false-positive (p < 0.0001). The sensitivity and specificity were 91.6% and 51.7%, respectively. The specificity and positive predictive value increased by approximately 30% when the subjects examined were in the younger age group (< 30 years), while the sensitivity and the negative predictive value did not change significantly. This study indicates that serological testing is not recommended for diagnosis nor is it recommended for follow-up treatment, especially among the older age group (> 30 years).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Epithelioid angiosarcoma of the adrenal gland with cytokeratin expression. Report of a case with accompanying mesenteric fibromatosis.

A case report of epithelioid adrenal angiosarcoma is presented. Tumor cells showed expression of cytokeratin, Factor VIII-related antigen, Ulex europaeus agglutinin-I, and vimentin. The patient also was found to have mesenteric fibromatosis (abdominal desmoid tumor) and an elevated serum level of estradiol. The authors discuss the unique appearance of these rare tumors, their relationship to hyperestrinism, and review the recent data in the literature showing cytokeratin expression by malignant epithelioid vascular tumors.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1990

[Neonatal respiratory distress due to congenital laryngeal cyst].

Severe, progressive, neonatal respiratory distress in a 27-month-old girl which required endotracheal intubation, was due to a congenital supraglottic saccular cyst, a rare cause. Aryepiglottic fold bulging and medial displacement of the left side of the larynx, resulting in considerable narrowing of the air-way, were prominent direct laryngoscopic findings. Transoral needle aspiration temporarily improved the infant's condition, but recurrences required repeated endotracheal intubation and needle aspiration. CT imaging demonstrated an intralaryngeal, supraglottic saccular cyst. At 2 months of age the cyst was successfully excised via a paramedian thyrotomy, and tracheotomy avoided. We suggest surgical excision of congenital saccular laryngeal cysts in infants who do not respond to repeated needle aspiration, as effective definitive treatment.

Cysts↗
PubMed1990

Surgical management of congenital supraglottic lateral saccular cyst.

A case is described of a neonate with a rare, congenital, supraglottic, lateral, saccular cyst presenting with stridor and asphyxia. Repeated needle aspirations of the cyst failed to provide sustained clinical improvement. CT scans proved useful for precise intralaryngeal location of the cyst and planning of the surgical excision. At two months of age the cyst was successfully excised by a paramedian thyrotomy via an external cervical approach, avoiding tracheostomy.

Cysts↗
PubMed1990

Abnormal EEG slow activity in left temporal areas in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type.

Resting 32-channel topographical measures of EEG slow activity were compared in 12 elderly controls and 12 patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. The patients had higher amplitude delta and theta than controls, especially in the left temporal regions. This greater amount of low frequency EEG activity in the left temporal area is consistent with recent EEG, neuropsychological assessment, and positron emission tomography findings in SDAT patients. Five patients with mild-to-moderate dementia (as determined by the Folstein Mini-Mental State scale) primarily exhibited focal, abnormal slow activity in the left temporal regions. Seven patients with severe dementia exhibited increased slow activity across the head, which was still most abnormal in the left temporal regions.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Defective humoral and cellular immune functions associated with veno-occlusive disease of the liver.

We describe veno-occlusive disease of the liver associated with humoral and cellular immune defects in two siblings. Another child, with aplastic anemia, died before the age of 1 year. No consanguinity was found in the family. Both infants had lymphopenia and hypogammaglobulinemia; the surviving infant has defective in vitro immunoglobulin production after stimulation of lymphocytes with pokeweed mitogen, increased proportions of OKT8 positive cells, defective proliferative responses to phytomitogens, and decreased help for immunoglobulin production. A therapeutic trial with cimetidine, an H2 receptor antagonist, has not changed the immunologic status of the surviving child.

Agammaglobulinemia↗
PubMed1986

Importance of small bowel involvement in bleeding angiodysplasia.

Lower intestinal bleeding related to enterocolic angiodysplasia is now accepted as a common clinical situation in the elderly. A planned approach is mandatory to allow early localization and appropriate therapy. Colonoscopy, scintigraphy and angiography used judiciously have almost entirely replaced exploratory laparotomy as a diagnostic tool. Nonoperative treatment comprising arteriographic selective vasopressin infusion and endoscopic coagulation has been followed in some cases by hemorrhage control. Such techniques, if easily obtainable, have their place; however, surgery remains the ultimate method for definitive treatment. A previous knowledge of the nature of ileal involvement is essential if surgical hemostasis is to be achieved. The recent successful management of three patients exemplifies the problems found in dealing with iliocecal bleeding angiodysplasia.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Fourth pharyngeal pouch sinus.

This is the first description and documentation of an extremely rare developmental anomaly of the pharyngeal apparatus in a 15-year-old female. The clinical, radiological, histological, and anatomical findings indicated that the anomaly originated in the pharyngeal fourth pouch. It presented as a recurrent lateral neck abscess which was due to a paratracheal sinus. This sinus penetrated the larynx and after a translaryngeal course ended in the pyriform sinus. It was caudad to the superior laryngeal nerve and external to the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Its penetration into the larynx at the cricothyroid joint region could serve as a useful surgical landmark.

Abscess↗
PubMed1980

Ewing's sarcoma of the hand following recurrent trauma; a case report.

A case of Ewing's Sarcoma of the thumb is described. Four years after a fracture of the first metacarpal, followed by a series of repeated traumata to the area, a tumour was discovered. According to Ewing's criteria of trauma induced malignancy, this case is highly suggestive to have been caused by trauma.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Asplenia syndrome. Report of two cases.

Two babies with asplenia syndrome are described. Both presented with the severe cardiovascular anomalies found in this syndrome and had Howell-Jolly bodies in peripheral blood smears. The chest X-rays showed dextrocardia, decreased pulmonary circulation and a horizontal symmetrical liver, and were helpful in the clinical diagnosis. Additional findings at autopsy included a mobile cecum and bilateral trilobed lungs with bilateral eparterial bronchi.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1978

Leiomyosarcoma of the rectum: report of three cases.

Three cases of leiomyosarcoma of the rectum are reported. The first patient underwent palliative surgery and died 18 months after diagnosis; local radiotherapy was not effective and chemotherapy failed as well. The second patient underwent radical surgical treatment but monetheless the tumor recurred and the patient died 37 months after diagnosis. The third patient underwent radical surgery for a tumor that was in an early stage, has been followed for several months without evidence of disease. Review of the literature indicates that leiomyosarcoma of the rectum is the most malignant sarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract, and has a 20 per cent five-year survival rate. Even radical surgical treatment yields disappointing results. Following localized operations, recurrences appear in most cases, and this treatment is not recommended. Should an effective chemotherapeutic combination be found, chemotherapy as an adjuvant to surgery will probably be indicated.

Aged↗