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L B Bailey

Publications and source records attributed to L B Bailey.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Streptozotocin-induced diabetes is not a model for methylmalonic acidaemia.

The streptozotocin-treated diabetic rat was not found to be a suitable animal model for methylmalonic acidaemia as previously described. Urinary methylmalonic acid (MMA) was measured in adult Wistar rats prior to and following injection of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg). Plasma and tissue MMA levels were measured following the induction of diabetes and compared with data from control rats. MMA levels were determined by a gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method (McMurray et al., 1986). Diabetes was confirmed by the 10 x increase in 24 h urine volume; glycosuria; glycaemia; and weight loss. Urinary MMA excreted did not change during the 11 week diabetic period and there was no difference between the pre- and post-diabetic phases (p less than 0.05). Plasma and tissue MMA concentrations were not elevated in this diabetic animal model. Also in contrast to earlier reports, the vitamin B12 levels of the diabetic rats were not elevated compared to controls (p less than 0.05).

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Red blood cell uptake of supplemental folate in patients on anticonvulsant drug therapy.

A group of epileptics (n = 18) and a control group (n = 10) of subjects aged 21-42 y were given 1-mg supplements of folate daily for 1 mo. Anticonvulsant therapy involved phenytoin alone or in combination with phenobarbital. Serum and red blood cell (RBC) folate levels were determined on days 1, 14, and 28. Mean serum and RBC folate levels were greater (p less than 0.05) for the control subjects compared with the epileptic subjects throughout the study. The percent increase in either serum or RBC folate was not different (p greater than 0.05) between the groups. The percent increase in serum folate when expressed as a percent of RBC folate was greater (p less than 0.05) for those epileptics who initially had deficient blood folate levels (serum folate less than 7 nmol/L; RBC folate less than 317 nmol/L) than those who did not. Deficient epileptics may have had an impaired RBC incorporation of circulating (serum) folate compared with nondeficient epileptics.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Morning sickness and vitamin B6 status of pregnant women.

The relationship between the vitamin B6 status of 180 pregnant women and the incidence and degree of morning sickness experienced during the first trimester was investigated. There were no significant differences in plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), erythrocyte aspartate aminotransferase (AspAT) activity, and stimulation of erythrocyte AspAT activity by exogenous PLP between subjects who experienced morning sickness and those who did not. No relationship was found between these indicators of vitamin B6 status and the degree of morning sickness experienced by this group during early pregnancy. There were no differences in the number of women who experienced morning sickness or in the number with different degrees of sickness when plasma levels of PLP, erythrocyte AspAT activity or stimulation by PLP were divided into upper and lower 50th percentile groups and compared. Therefore these data show no relationship between vitamin B6 status and the incidence or degree of morning sickness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Serum zinc concentrations in adolescents as related to sexual maturation.

Zinc status and sexual maturity rating (SMR) were evaluated in 108 male and 97 female adolescents. Each subject was assigned an SMR number according to Tanner's classification (SMR 1, prepubertal development; SMR 2, first visible signs of pubertal change; SMR 3, onset of growth spurt; SMR 4, period of rapid, but lessening development; SMR 5, adult development). Males at SMR 5 had higher (P less than 0.05) serum Zn levels than those at less mature stages; females at SMR 5 had higher (P less than 0.05) serum Zn levels than those at SMR 1 and 2. Serum Zn concentrations in post-menarcheal females were greater (P less than 0.05) than in premenarcheal females. The results suggest that level of sexual maturation should be evaluated as a factor in the assessment of adolescent serum Zn concentrations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Urinary 4-pyridoxic acid excretion in 24-hour versus random urine samples as a measurement of vitamin B6 status in humans.

Urinary excretion of 4-pyridoxic acid (4PA) in 19 men (n = 5) and women (n = 14) was measured to evaluate the validity of determining the 4PA/creatinine ratio in random urine samples as an alternative to total 24-h 4PA excretion in assessing vitamin B6 nutritional status. The relationships among dietary vitamin B6 intake, 4PA excretion, plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate levels, and erythrocyte aspartate aminotransferase activity and in vitro stimulation by added plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate were examined. The subjects consumed all meals for 3 days in a metabolic unit, and protein intake was kept constant. Plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate concentration was positively correlated with vitamin B6 intake of the previous day (r = 0.61, p less than 0.01). There was a positive correlation (r = 0.59, p less than 0.01) between total 4PA and 4PA/creatinine in the 24-h urine samples. No difference (p greater than 0.05) in 4PA/creatinine between the 24-h samples and either morning or afternoon random samples taken the next day was found. These findings support the use of the 4PA/creatinine ratio in random urine samples as an alternative to 24-h urinary 4PA excretion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Effect of age on poly- and monoglutamyl folacin absorption in human subjects.

Intestinal folacin absorption and mucosal conjugase activities were assessed in healthy male elderly (65-83 years) and young (20-29 years) human subjects. Luminal disappearance as measured simultaneously from the perfused jejunum of 3 mumol of both [3H]pteroylmonoglutamate [( 3H]PG-1) and pteroyl-[14C]glutamyl-hexaglutamate [( 14C]PG-7) as well as the urinary recovery of each isotope and mucosal conjugase activities were compared. Luminal disappearance of either [3H]PG-1 or [14C]PG-7 was not different for the two age groups (P greater than 0.05). The average (mean +/- SD) disappearance of [3H]PG-1 was 63 +/- 12% in the elderly and 67 +/- 6% in the young groups. In contrast, the disappearance of [14C]PG-7 averaged 51 +/- 6% in the elderly and 48 +/- 3% in the young group. Urinary recovery (percent in 48 hours) was not different for either isotope when the two age groups were compared (P greater than 0.05). The urinary recovery of 3H averaged 60 +/- 21% in the elderly and 59 +/- 13% in the young in contrast to 35 +/- 22% and 35 +/- 7% for 14C recovery in the elderly and young groups, respectively. Folacin conjugase activities measured at pH 6.5 and at pH 4.5 were not different between the groups (P greater than 0.05). The findings indicate that intestinal absorption of folacin and activity of folacin conjugases are not affected by the aging process.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Effect of maternal pyridoxine X HCl supplementation on the vitamin B-6 status of mother and infant and on pregnancy outcome.

The effect of maternal pyridoxine X HCl (PN-HCl) supplementation on the vitamin B-6 status of pregnant women and their infants at birth and on pregnancy outcome was investigated. Volunteer subjects were randomly assigned a daily vitamin B-6 supplement containing 0, 2.6, 5, 7.5, 10, 15 or 20 mg of PN-HCl in a double-blind study. The mean dietary vitamin B-6 intake of the group was 1.43 +/- 1.28 mg/day as estimated from 24-hour dietary recalls. Maternal plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) levels were positively correlated with vitamin B-6 supplementation at 30 weeks gestation (r = 0.55, P less than 0.0005) and at delivery (r = 0.54, P less than 0.01). Cord plasma PLP levels reached a maximum when maternal PN-HCl supplementation was 7.5 mg and greater. Supplemental PN-HCl at the 7.5-mg level was required to prevent a decrease in maternal plasma PLP at delivery. Apgar scores at 1 minute after birth were higher (P less than 0.05) for infants whose mothers took 7.5 mg or more supplemental PN-HCl than for infants of mothers who took 5 mg or less. These findings indicate that a vitamin B-6 intake between 5.5 and 7.6 mg/day (diet plus supplement as pyridoxine equivalents) was required to maintain maternal plasma PLP levels at term at a level comparable to initial values.

Apgar Score↗
PubMed1984

Food frequency related to folacin status in adolescents.

Food frequency data for 372 adolescents from urban and rural low-income households were evaluated. The urban group consisted of blacks (N = 161) and Hispanics (N = 32); blacks (N = 58) and whites (N = 121) composed the rural group. A food frequency questionnaire with 24 food groups categorized according to nutrient contribution was completed for each subject by a trained interviewer. Urban blacks selected folacin-dense foods more frequently than urban Hispanics or rural blacks. This difference corresponded with a higher prevalence of poor folacin status in urban Hispanics vs. urban blacks and in rural blacks vs. urban blacks. Rural whites also consumed a higher frequency of folacin-dense food groups than rural blacks, which, again, corresponded with differences in folacin status. The infrequent consumption of vegetables and fruits, particularly by rural black and urban Hispanic adolescents, provides an explanation for the poor folacin status of the adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Folacin and iron status and hematological findings in black and Spanish-American adolescents from urban low-income households.

The folacin and iron status of 193 adolescents from urban low-income households was evaluated. Red blood cell folacin concentrations were less than 140 ng/ml in 42% of the subjects and 140 to 159 ng/ml in 13%. Of the serum folacin values, 45% were less than 6 ng/ml, and 15% were below 3 ng/ml. Serum folacin levels decreased with increasing age (p less than 0.01) and sexual maturity (p less than 0.05). Transferrin saturation was low (less than 16%) in 12% of the females and 2% of the males. Transferrin saturation levels for females declined as age increased in contrast to an increase over age in males (p less than 0.01). Eleven percent of the females and 3% of the males were classified as anemic (less than 12 g/dl). Mean cell Hb concentration was low (less than 32%) in 24% of the females and 7% of the males. Of all subjects, 17% had low mean cell volumes (less than 81 mum 3). These findings demonstrate folacin and iron status is less than adequate in a significant proportion of this adolescent population group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Vitamin B6 status of low-income adolescent and adult pregnant women and the condition of their infants at birth.

The vitamin B6 status of 127 low-income pregnant adolescent and adult women was assessed at two stages of pregnancy and related to the condition of the infant at birth. The mean dietary intake of vitamin B6 for a subsample of 57 of the subjects at the initial prenatal clinic visit was 1.37 +/- 1.02 mg (mean +/- SD). The mean stimulation of erythrocyte alanine aminotransferase activity by pyridoxal 5'-phosphate was 34.8 +/- 21.1% at the first clinic visit and 29.4 +/- 14.5% for a subsample of 30 subjects at the 30th wk of pregnancy. Apgar scores of infants whose mothers had high erythrocyte alanine aminotransferase stimulation values (greater than 25%) were significantly lower (p less than or equal to 0.05) than infants whose mothers had normal erythrocyte alanine aminotransferase stimulation values (less than or equal to 25%). These data indicate a vitamin B6 deficiency at two stages of pregnancy in these low-income adolescent and adult women and lower Apgar scores in infants whose mothers were vitamin B6 deficient than those with adequate vitamin B6 status.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Folic acid and vitamin D status of young children receiving minimal anticonvulsant drug therapy.

The effects of long term, low dosage anticonvulsant drug therapy on the vitamin D and folacin status of young children was studied. Biochemical and dietary parameters including serum calcium, phosphorous and alkaline phosphatase; serum and red blood cell folacin; serum drug concentrations; hematocrits; and dietary intakes of vitamin D and folacin were measured in seven subjects. All subjects were taking low dosages of medication. Four subjects were considered at risk for developing a folacin deficiency based on red blood cell folacin concentrations. Two of these subjects had inadequate dietary intakes of folacin. Serum calcium and alkaline phosphatase levels were within normal ranges for all subjects; two subjects had subnormal levels of serum phosphorous. Dietary intake of vitamin D was below fifty percent of the Recommended Dietary Allowance for four subjects. The data of the present study suggest that young children undergoing chronic anticonvulsant drug therapy of minimal dosage are susceptible to developing folacin deficiency especially if dietary intake of folacin is inadequate. These children do not appear to be at risk for developing vitamin D deficiency probably due to the low dosage of medication coupled with adequate sunlight exposure.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1980

Zinc status of elderly black Americans from urban low-income households.

The zinc status of 135 elderly blacks, aged 60 to 87 years, from urban low-income households was evaluated based on the zinc content of hair and/or serum. The mean (+/- SD) hair zinc concentration was 142 +/- 77 microgram/g and the mean (+/- SD) serum zinc concentration was 93 +/- 15 microgram/dl. Of the study population 39% had a hair zinc concentration less than or equal to 100 microgram/g and/or a serum zinc concentration less than or equal to 80 microgram/dl. Eleven percent had a hair zinc concentration less than or equal to 70 microgram/g and/or a serum zinc concentration less than or equal to 70 microgram/dl. These findings suggest that the zinc status of this elderly population may be less than ideal.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Vitamin B12 status of elderly persons from urban low-income households.

Vitamin B12 status was evaluated in 111 noninstitutional elderly persons (age range, 60-87 years) living in an urban poverty area. The sample was predominantly black (90 subjects); the rest were Spanish Americans. Serum vitamin B12 levels were all normal (greater than 200 pg/ml) and ranged from 226 to 1200 pg/ml (mean +/- SD = 700 +/- 191 pg/ml). The findings indicate that vitamin B12 deficiency was not a problem in this elderly population.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Folacin and iron status and hematological findings in predominately black elderly persons from urban low-income households.

The folacin and iron status and hemotological parameters of 193 persons 60 years of age and older from urban low-income households were evaluated. Of the serum folacin values 30% were between 3 and 6 ng/ml and 8% were below 3 ng/ml. Of these subjects 60% could be classified as "high risk" (less than 140 ng/ml) and 11% as "medium risk" (140 to 160 ng/ml) based on red blood cell folacin concentrations. Serum iron was normal (greater than 50 micrograms/dl) for all subjects as was transferrin saturation (greater than 15%). Hematological indices showed a 14% incidence of anemia (hemaglobin less than 12 g/dl), and 32% incidence of leukopenia (leukocytes less than 4.8 X 10(3)). These findings demonstrate widespread folacin deficiency and no evidence of iron deficiency in these elderly people.

Aged↗