Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to L B Likhterman.
From humble beginnings in the former Soviet Union, Fedor A. Serbinenko, M.D., Ph.D., became a leading figure at Moscow's famed Burdenko Neurosurgery Institute. While there, he invented and perfected the technique of balloon embolization, which was destined to change the practice of neurovascular surgery forever. We present the life and achievements of the father of endovascular neurosurgery.
The treatment of chronic subdural hematoma seems simple and effective; however, postoperative complications like recurrence of hematoma, pneumocephalus brain collapse, and intracervical hemorrhage still occur in some patients, and these complications are dependent on surgical technique, patient's age, and preexisting morbidity.
The Moscow Institute of Neurosurgery was established in 1932. The institute's founders were Nikolai Nilovich Burdenko, the surgeon (his name was later conferred on the institute), and Vasily Vasilyevich Kramer, the neurologist. This article presents the institute's history and its activities in different periods, including scientific and practical achievements in neuro-oncology, cerebrovascular surgery, and neurotraumatology. The institute gave birth to such widely recognized trends as neuropsychology, endovasal neurosurgery, neuroreanimatology (intensive care), and quantitative neuroanatomy. The institute's current problems and prospects for the future are described.
Foreign body removal in blind, penetrating craniocerebral injuries, especially those involving craniobasal localization, could entail additional brain trauma risk. Under such conditions one can use surgical approaches for tumor removal or clipping of intracranial aneurysms. In this report, we present a case of blind, penetrating craniofacial injury in which a supraorbital-pterion approach for foreign body removal was used. Craniography, carotid angiography, and computed tomography data, including three-dimensional imaging, were taken into consideration while planning the operation.
Computed tomography and NMR tomography time course examinations of 113 cases with frontal lobe focal lesions provided evidence for prognosis of their course and outcomes. By primary clinical and CT pictures it is possible to predict manifestations and regression of intracranial hypertension, meningeal symptoms, focal neurological symptoms, psychopathological disturbances, duration of treatment, posttraumatic changes, validity of indications for conservative or surgical treatment with 80% probability.
The avenues of development, successes and failures of modern neurosurgery taking into account the factors of its humanisation and dehumanisation are analysed. A new model of humanisation of neurosurgery to give it a human face for the future is outlined. Suggestions are made to prepare the neurosurgeons for 21st century. The main pre-condition for the humanisation of neurosurgery in the 21st century are that neurosurgeon must not only be Homo Sapiens, but also Homo Moralis.
Overall 393 patients with different types of closed brain injury (CBI) were examined for the immunological blood parameters in the acute and late periods. The decrease of immunological defence of the organism and possibilities of inflammatory complications in the lungs were established. CBI was found to run a progredient course in 27.7% of patients who suffered brain concussions++, in 54.5% of cases after repeated mild CBI, and in 73.7% of patients after severe CBI and CBI of medium gravity. Some immunological criteria and an approximate scale of a probability of the progredient course of CBI were proposed.
On the basis of an analysis of changes in 43 patients with chronic subdural hematomas before and after surgical treatment the times have been established of complete disappearance of chronic subdural hematoma using closed external drainage bearing in mind the patient's age, hematoma standing, the clinical phase of disease and craniocerebral correlations. It has been proved that the use of sparing treatment methods enables one to attain reexpansion of long compressed chronic hematoma of the brain even in senile and middle-aged persons.
Based on an analysis of 56 cases with diffuse axonal lesions the authors describe symptoms of dissociation of the brain hemispheres and brain stem. Such symptoms occur on transformation of long coma to a steady or transitory vegetative state and are characterized by chaotic activation of the subcortical and stem formations remaining intact and dynamic manifestation of a complex of postural and generalized motor reactions, complex pathological reflexes, oral, oculomotor, pupillary and cerebrospinal automatisms, paroxysmal vegeto-visceral abnormalities along with functional silence of the cortex.
The article gives an account of the classification of cranio-cerebral traumas recommended by the IIIrd All-Union Congress of Neurosurgeons. Main clinical forms of cranio-cerebral traumas are described: concussion of the brain, contusion of the brain of light, mild and critical degree, compression of the brain against the background of its contusion and without it. A uniform gradation of disturbed consciousness and criteria for the assessment of the patient's state are presented.
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Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
The article presents clinical criteria of the diagnosis of concussion, contusion and compression of the brain in the acute period of a craniocerebral injury. The authors specify the major signs of a moderate and deep stun, sopor, as well as moderate, deep and coma de passe. Unified evaluations of the severity of the state of a patient with a craniocerebral injury are described.
The tibiopedal reflex is described in detail. The clinical significance of the reflex is specified, which is determined by its ability to differentiate nervous system lesions different in terms of their localization and nosology.
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