Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to L B Lundy.
Tympanic membrane perforation is a common and potentially serious condition. One of the most important aspects of primary care for perforations is deciding which patients need to be seen by an otolaryngologist and how urgently they need to be referred. There are several indications for surgical repair, but most cases can be managed with conservative care and require no referral.
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OBJECTIVE: Auditory testing is not routinely performed within 4-6 weeks after stapedotomy, because hearing acuity is thought to be transiently depressed. In rare circumstances, postsurgical auditory and vestibular complaints may lead one to test hearing soon after stapedotomy. The early postoperative effects of carbon dioxide (CO2) and potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) lasers, which now are routinely used to perform stapedotomies, have not been reported. The purpose of this report is to present normative data for auditory thresholds measured within 2 weeks of laser stapedotomy. STUDY DESIGN: The study design was a prospective, unblinded study. SETTING: The study was conducted at three academic medical centers. PATIENTS: Thirty-six subjects undergoing 38 stapedotomies for otosclerosis by 5 surgeons participated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Behavioral audiometry was performed using standard techniques beginning before surgery and continuing through > 1 year after surgery. RESULTS: The CO2 laser was used in 26 stapedotomies and the KTP laser was used in 12. Nine cases were revision procedures. Bone conduction pure-tone averages and speech discrimination scores did not worsen during the early postoperative period. Bone conduction at 250 and 4,000 Hz dropped slightly within the first 2 weeks (-4.3 and -6.7 dB) but recovered thereafter. Bone conduction at 1,000 Hz actually improved within the first week after surgery (+6.2 dB, p = 0.021). Significant improvements in air conduction thresholds (and air-bone gap) were seen at the second week and late audiometry. The results for CO2 and KTP laser-treated groups were not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS: Cochlear function is not significantly depressed in the early postoperative period after laser (CO2 or KTP) stapedotomy.
The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of mechanical and laser-assisted posterior semicircular canal occlusion (PCO) for the treatment of intractable benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). Twelve consecutive patients with intractable BPPV underwent PCO by three surgeons, six with mechanical PCO and six with CO2 laser-assisted PCO. PCO eliminated positional vertigo in all patients treated with the laser and five of six patients treated without the laser. Dysequilibrium was present in all patients immediately postoperatively. This resolved in all patients treated with the CO2 laser but in only two of six patients treated without the laser (p = 0.03). Patients were hospitalized for dysequilibrium for an average of 5.2 and 2.8 days for the mechanical and laser-assisted groups, respectively. Preoperative and postoperative hearing was not significantly different between the groups. No clinically significant postoperative hearing loss was encountered in either group. These results suggest that PCO is an effective treatment for intractable BPPV. The incidence of dysequilibrium that persists following PCO may be reduced by using the CO2 laser to seal the membranous canal prior to occluding the bony canal.
Nineteen cases of temporal bone brain herniation and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks in 17 adult patients since 1987 are reviewed. Of these 19 cases, 11 were spontaneous CSF leaks, 6 were related to chronic otitis media, and 2 were posttraumatic. Among the 10 women and 7 men, the average age was 51.2 years, with average follow-up time of 2 years, 7 months. Two cases were repaired by a middle fossa craniotomy approach, 1 case by a transmastoid approach, and 16 by a combined transmastoid and middle fossa approach. Ten cases utilized the preferred technique of fascia-bone-fascia to repair the defects. The diagnosis was made on clinical grounds in 18 of the 19 cases, with ancillary diagnostic test providing little useful information. There were no postoperative surgery-related complications, and definitive repair was accomplished in one stage in all cases.
The use of lasers for primary and revision stapes surgery has many applications and potential advantages over mechanical techniques. It should be emphasized, however, that the laser is simply a tool, albeit a sophisticated one, and not a substitute for knowledge, experience, judgment, or ability. A laser will not "make" a good stapes surgeon, any more than a scalpel "makes" a good surgeon. There are limitations as well as benefits to lasers. Excellent results for stapes surgery were obtained for years prior to the advent of lasers, which is testimony to the skill and understanding of nonlaser stapes surgeons.
Four patients with grade C or D(1) glomus jugulare tumors who underwent preoperative highly selective embolization followed by infratemporal fossa removal of their tumors were compared to three patients undergoing surgery alone with respect to intraoperative blood loss, operative time, cranial nerve palsy, length of hospitalization, and perioperative complications. Embolized patients demonstrated a marked reduction in blood loss (650 vs 1375 cc) compared with the nonembolized group. Operative time was shortened (by 51 minutes). Facial nerve function did not appear related to embolization but was directly related to intraoperative nerve manipulation. Hospital stay, perioperative complications, and lower cranial nerve palsies were not related to embolization.
In an attempt to define the clinical parameters and relevance of ototopical medications, including their usefulness in permanent inner ear damage, a questionnaire survey was sent to 7463 otolaryngologists within the United States, of which 2235 responded. The four main categories were demographic data, patterns of practice, factors influencing use of ototopicals, and opinions/impressions of ototopicals under various circumstances. The vast majority of respondents use ototopical preparations in the presence of a draining perforation (84.1%), in the presence of drainage through a ventilation tube (93.7%), and in the presence of an open, draining tympanomastoid cavity (92.8%). A significant number of clinicians use ototopicals with intraoperative packing (75.3%) and postoperative prophylaxis against infection (57.9%). Eighty percent of respondents indicate that the risks for ototoxicity of otitis media is as great as, or greater than, the risks for ototoxicity of an ototopical preparation. Seventy-five percent of respondents stated that ototopicals are safe in a fresh postoperative ear. Some respondents (3.4%) reported that they had witnessed irreversible inner ear damage unquestionably related to ototopicals.
Patients consider facial paralysis the most concerning sequelae following acoustic tumor resection. Surgical and anesthetic refinements have lowered operative mortality to allow the surgeon to focus on preserving facial nerve function. Tumor size, microsurgical technique, and intraoperative monitoring are the most important factors that define the risk of postoperative facial paralysis. A protocol for uniform surgical reporting is proposed.
Despite the effectiveness and many advantages of closed reduction of condylar neck fractures, open reduction techniques offer the advantage of anatomic repositioning of the fracture, which may reduce resultant deformities, malocclusion, and temporomandibular joint derangements in patients with complex subcondylar fractures. This objective is best achieved with rigid plate and screw fixation to obtain the stability required for immediate function. This article presents guidelines for the experienced surgeons who wish to address this controversial problem.