Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to L B Mitrofanova.
Pathomorphological aspects of acquired mitral defects of the heart caused by manifestations of mesenchimal dysplasia were studied in 100 patients. Special attention is given to important features of surgical strategy when performing mitral valve prosthesis in such patients unlike similar procedures for mitral defects of another etiology.
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BACKGROUND: Inter-atrial conduction disturbance is associated with the presence of atrial fibrillation (AF), although little is known about the anatomy of the inter-atrial connections. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty-seven hearts from in-hospital deaths were examined and stratified in two groups with regard to their history of AF. Measurements of atrial weight were performed after excising the atria at the level of the atrioventricular valve plane and separation from the inter-atrial septum (IAS). In addition, in 15 of 27 hearts (seven AF, eight non-AF) the IAS was sliced into 10 microm thick parallel histological sections at intervals of 1 mm starting at the valve plane and ending at the atrial roof. The sections were stained with van Gieson's stain. The variable morphology of the anterior and posterior inter-atrial connective muscle bundles is described. The total number of inter-atrial connections varied from 1 to 5. The anterior route (Bachmann's bundle) was not found in seven of 15 specimens. CONCLUSION: Inter-atrial connections are characterized by substantial variability in morphology and in the distribution of bundles. This may account for part of the variable susceptibility to AF.
AIM: To study relationship between influenza virus infection and activity of clinical presentations of atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS: Average blood level of IgG to influenza A virus was significantly higher in patients with progressing forms of ischemic heart disease then in patients without objective signs of exacerbation of atherosclerotic process. Mean titles of antibodies to parainfluenza virus and adenoviruses were similar in both groups of patients. Direct detection of viral DNA by polymerase chain reaction was carried out in samples of aortic wall taken during coronary artery bypass surgery with the use of primers for hemagglutinin of H1N1, H3N2 viruses. RNA of influenza virus was found in these samples. CONCLUSION: The presence of viral RNA in vascular atherosclerotic lesions could be indicative of possible pathogenetic role of influenza infection in progression of clinical course of atherosclerosis.
The authors describe the results of valvulometry, traditional histological and cytological investigations of dissected valves of 1084 patients and an analysis of causes of aortal insufficiency as compared to the literature data for the last 80 years. The main causes of heart valve diseases are considered to be mesenchymal dysplasia and infective endocarditis.
We tried to objectivize etiologic diagnosis of isolated aortic stenosis. We studied 950 valves removed during operation on the heart and 15 valves of the dead patients without cardiac pathology using automatic semi-quantitative microscopic description of the valve pathology with further calculation of informative value of the signs. As a result of our investigation the list of the most important signs for the differential diagnosis was compiled. We found out that most often causes of aortic stenosis are calcinosis of bicuspid aortic valve and senile calcinosis. Silvering of the nucleolus organiser in endotheliocytes and fibroblasts in various pathology of the aortic valve showed an increase in the metabolism level and plastic possibilities of the cells in aortic calcinosis.
Five known to-day causes of the isolated aortal valve stenosis are reviewed: 1) atherosclerosis, 2) premature calcinosis of congenital bicuspidalis aortal valve; 3) rheumatism; 4) infectious endocarditis; 5) mesenchymal dysplasia. The authors consider that aortal valve calcinosis developing against the background of valve atherosclerosis complicates the above diseases and differential diagnosis of aortal stenosis causes.
Histologic and immunohistochemical studies (use of antibodies for viruses of herpes simplex type 1 and 2, desmin, vimentin, SMA as well as polymerase chain reaction to DNA of viruses of herpes simplex) were made on the material of the valves taken from 1326 patients with valvular heart disease, the ascending aorta of 30 patients with aneurysm, valves of 35 deceased patients without cardiovascular pathology. As a result, expression of viruses of herpes simplex type 1 and/or 2 was found in all cases with mesenchymal dysplasia and cystic medianecrosis in endotheliocytes, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells of valves and aorta. This indicates the role of these viruses in the pathogenesis of these diseases and their common etiology.
Comparative analysis of the relations between heart organometric parameters (linear, planimetrical, volume and weight) was performed in patients with chronic and acute heart failure and without failure as well as in healthy victims of violence. The minimal number of correlative links was found in patients without heart failure and the greatest number in patients with chronic heart failure, stage II and after a violent death. The results are interpreted in the light of D.S. Sarkisov's recombination theory.