Biomedical subjects

L Bachman

Publications and source records attributed to L Bachman.

13 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1999

The effects of endurance training on muscle fibre types and enzyme activities.

Practitioners and scientists have demonstrated great interest in the physiological and biochemical effects of endurance training on the results of the marathon run. It is well documented that athletes with a large proportion of slow twitch and fast twitch aerobic skeletal muscle fibre, high metabolic enzyme activities and concentrations, large mitochondria concentration and, of course, the ability to increase the power output generated for a given rate of oxygen consumption and energy expenditure, are generally highly successful distance runners. Aerobic and endurance training have been shown to bring about significant adaptations to the skeletal muscle and its inclusions as well as to the delivery system. In particular, enzyme activity levels are readily mutable, mitochondrial concentrations increase, and some evidence suggests that the fibre distribution is changed. This article briefly reports on changes in skeletal muscle brought about by endurance training and those changes that appear most effective in yielding success in endurance events.

Energy Metabolism↗

PubMed1993

Reduced brain N-acetylaspartate suggests neuronal loss in cognitively impaired human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive individuals: in vivo 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging.

We used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and water-suppressed proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging to study the effects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on the brains of 10 individuals with cognitive impairment due to HIV and seven normal controls. 1H spectra from nine 2.5-ml volumes in the centrum semiovale and the mesial cortex showed significantly reduced N-acetylaspartate (NAA) relative to choline and creatine in the cognitively impaired HIV-infected subjects. This reduction was due to a nonlocalized decrease of NAA in these patients, only two of whom had moderate atrophy and white matter signal hyperintensities on MRI. Since NAA is a putative neuronal marker, the findings suggest neuronal damage in early stages of HIV infection that is not evident on standard MRI and are consistent with the neuropathologically known neuronal loss.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

The Indented Paragraph Reading Test in the assessment of left hemi-neglect.

We investigated the validity of the Indented Paragraph Reading Test (IPRT), designed to assess left hemi-neglect (LHN) in reading behavior, with regard to education effects, scoring properties, and sensitivity to recovery of LHN. The IPRT was administered aspart of a larger battery to 50 right-hemisphere stroke patients approximately 1, 2, 3, and 7 months post-stroke if, and only if, the patient demonstrated LHN on the previous test battery. Contrary to expectations, performance on the IPRT was not correlated with education and even patients with minimal formal education were able to complete the test. We demonstrated that the author's suggested scoring criterion was valid and sensitive to the presence of LHN as well as to its recovery over time.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1992

Joint task force "forward care" multicomponent health service support for an Army Reserve separate infantry brigade (mechanized)--Part III.

At the conclusion of 4 years' careful study of the health services support of a separate infantry brigade (mechanized) during the unit's annual training periods, the authors report on the effectiveness of a support team consisting of Army Reserve medical elements, an Active Army field unit, and a Public Health Service Clearing/Staging unit joining forces in a field environment to provide real world medical care to the same unit in a follow-on annual training period. The emphasis of the team created was on validating the forward care concept of field medical support. The result of this effort was "state of the art" medical service to the troops in the most forward areas, and a savings of 0.66 training days per soldier out of 10 days possible field training time. The cross-training of joint elements was enhanced by providing hands-on treatment of soldiers in a tactical environment, training that cannot be adequately replaced by simulated training.

Decision Making↗

PubMed1990

Joint service training for medical readiness.

Medical Readiness Training is of major importance in preparing to meet the challenge of medical care during wartime and national emergencies or disasters. As an alternative to simulated casualty training, the U.S. Public Health Service and the U.S. Army joined forces to provide "real world" medical care for troops during training. Although simulated training provides insight into casualty and trauma medicine, it is felt that many aspects of real medical care are often ignored or taken for granted. Providing medical care under austere field conditions provides a realistic environment and presents situations that can not be evaluated by simulated training.

Disaster Planning↗

PubMed1990

Cognitive impairments in abstinent alcoholics.

Impaired cognitive functioning in alcoholics is widespread during the first months of detoxification. Between half and two thirds of abstinent alcoholics exhibit cognitive impairments during this period, with residual deficits persisting for years after detoxification in some patients. The most severe deficits have been observed in visuospatial abilities, perceptual-motor integration, abstract reasoning, and new learning. The most significant predictors of cognitive dysfunction in persons recovering from alcoholism are the time elapsed since the last drink and the person's age. Surprisingly, the pattern and duration of a patient's alcohol abuse are relatively weak determinants of neuropsychological impairment during abstinence. Research investigating the hypothesis that cognitive impairments may be related to alcoholic persons resuming drinking has yielded mixed results, but a higher level of neuropsychological functioning is associated with increased rates of completing treatment programs and with greater success in the work environment after discharge from treatment. The possibility of cognitive limitations should be taken into account in planning treatment programs for alcoholism.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

Incidence of delayed stress disorder among Vietnam era veterans: the effect of priming on response set.

Recent studies concluded that a significant number of Vietnam era veterans suffer now from a service-related stress disorder. This paper suggests that a priming artifact may have operated in many such studies to confound an understanding of the nature and estimate of the disorder. Findings of a study designed to test the effect of priming on veterans' self-ratings support the hypothesis that veterans, particularly noncombat veterans, tend to rate themselves in a manner consistent with prior information provided by the testers.

Adult↗

PubMed1974