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Biomedical subjects

L Baider

Publications and source records attributed to L Baider.

48 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Consensus vs. discrepancy: an analysis role performance of admission clerks in hospital setting.

This paper presents hypotheses and conceptualizations regarding the job-role definition of admissions clerks and managers in the Admissions Department of a general hospital. Our sample represents a segment of the administrative staff. The findings show that the malfunctioning of the department in question is not due to a lack of consensus among the workers regarding the perception or definition of role, but to their lack of identification and to inadequate recognition from their peers and superiors.

Admitting Department, Hospital↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prospective study of cancer patients and their spouses: the weakness of marital strength.

In a prospective study, 133 married cancer patients and their spouses were interviewed within a month of diagnosis and administered three self-reports: The Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) to assess psychological distress, the Impact of Events Scale (IES) to assess coping, and the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scales (FACES III) to assess family relations. Patients and spouses were moderately distressed. The patient's psychological distress was explained by the level of intrusion, by the spouse's psychological distress and cohesion which had a protective effect (R2.41). The spouse's distress was explained by intrusion, gender and, to some extent, by the patient's distress (R2.41); but cohesion had no influence. Only half of the group (as couples) reached the last follow-up nearly 2 years later. A disassociation seems to have occurred; family relations, as well as partner's distress, did not have an influence on either the patient's or spouse's distress. The information gathered at the beginning of the study explained about 25% of the distress 2 years later of male patients and their wives, and that of female patients but not of their husbands.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A brief spiritual beliefs inventory for use in quality of life research in life-threatening illness.

This paper reports on the initial efforts to validate a brief self-report inventory, the Systems of Belief Inventory(SBI-15R), for use in quality of life (QOL) and psychosocial research studying adjustment to illness. The SBI-15R was designed to measure religious and spiritual beliefs and practices, and the social support derived from a community sharing those beliefs. The authors proposed this scale to address the need for greater exploration of spiritual and religious beliefs in QOL, stress and coping research. Phase I: Item generation. The research team identified four domains comprised of 35 items that make up spiritual and religious beliefs and practices. The instrument was piloted in a structured interview format on 12 hospitalized patients with varying sites of cancer. Phase II: Formation of SBI-54. After these initial efforts, the research team increased the number of items to 54 and adopted a self-report format. To assess patients reactions to the questionnaire, the new version was piloted on 50 outpatients with malignant melanoma. Phase III: Initial validation. To begin establishing validation, 301 healthy individuals with no history of cancer or serious illness in the prior year were asked to complete the SBI-54 and several other instruments. A principal components analysis with varimax rotation of the SBI-54 identified two factors, in contrast to the four which were hypothesized, one measuring spiritual beliefs and practices, the other measuring social support related to the respondent's religious community. Phase IV: Item reduction of the SBI-54. A shortened version of the SBI-54 with 15 items, five from the items identifying factor I and ten from those identifying factor II, was developed to lessen patient burden. The new SBI-15 correlated highly with the SBI-54, and demonstrated convergent, divergent, and discriminant validity. Revision of SBI-15. The investigators rephrased one statement in order to broaden the applicability of the SBI-15 to patients other than those with a diagnosis of cancer, and to healthy individuals. DISCUSSION. The SBI-15R met tests of internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and convergent, divergent, and discriminant validity in both physically healthy and physically ill individuals. The SBI-15R may have value in measuring religious and spiritual beliefs as a potentially mediating variable in coping with life-threatening illness, and in the measurement of QOL.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The role of religious and spiritual beliefs in coping with malignant melanoma.

This study investigated the role of spiritual and religious beliefs in ambulatory patients coping with malignant melanoma. One-hundred and seventeen patients with melanoma being seen in an outpatient clinic completed a battery of measurements including the newly validated Systems of Belief Inventory (SBI-54). No correlation was found between SBI-54 scores and levels of distress. However, there was a correlation between greater reliance on spiritual and religious beliefs and use of an active-cognitive coping style (r = 0.46, p < 0.0001). Data suggest that use of religious and spiritual beliefs is associated with an active rather than passive form of coping. We suggest that such beliefs provide a helpful active-cognitive framework for many individuals from which to face the existential crises of life-threatening illness.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The role of religious and spiritual beliefs in coping with malignant melanoma: an Israeli sample.

This preliminary study examined the possible relationship between a newly developed instrument, the Spiritual Beliefs Inventory (SBI-54), and the coping style of a group of cancer patients in Israel. The sample consisted of 100 malignant melanoma patients diagnosed at stages I and II, A and B. Patients were individually interviewed at home and completed seven self-reports. The present report focuses on the relationship of the SBI-54 with other measures of coping, psychological distress and social support. Findings showed that there was a significantly positive correlation between the SBI-54 and the active-cognitive coping style (r = 0.48, p < 0.01).

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The system of belief inventory (SBI-15): a validation study in Israel.

This study focused on the validation of measures assessing religiosity by means of three self-report instruments: the System of Belief Inventory (SBI-15R), the Religious Orientation Inventory (ROI), and the Index of Core Spiritual Experiences (INSPIRIT). These instruments were developed and validated previously in the United States. The study measured the extent to which the self-reports maintain their validity when administered in a different country with its own distinct language, culture and religion (e.g. Israel). It was found that all three self-reports have very good external validity and high convergent reliability, with the SBI demonstrating extremely high internal reliability.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The role of psychological variables in a group of melanoma patients. An Israeli sample.

This study examined whether there is a difference in the psychological distress and/or coping modes of patients with early localized malignant melanoma. The authors compared the patients diagnosed at stages IA and B of the disease with those diagnosed at stages IIA and B. The population consisted of 100 melanoma patients who agreed to take part in a study of adjustment to chronic disease. The patients were individually interviewed at home and completed six self-reports. Three of the reports assessed psychological outcome, two assessed coping, and one assessed support systems. No substantial differences were found between the patients treated at stages I and II on any of the psychological measures, despite the fact that those with greatest thickness and depth (stage IIB) are at higher risk of recurrence. The women showed greater distress than the men, confirming earlier observations made in patients with colon cancer.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Psychological intervention in cancer patients: a randomized study.

We examined the long-term effects of a behavioral intervention on the psychological distress of patients recently diagnosed with localized cancer, who were being treated at Hadassah University Hospital. All 116 patients who met the inclusion criteria (49 men and 67 women) were randomized into an intervention group and a control group on a 3:1 basis. The intervention chosen was Progressive Muscle Relaxation with Guided Imagery, which is intended to decrease psychological distress and increase the patient's sense of internal control. The Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and the Impact of Events Scale (IES) were used to assess psychological distress within 1 month of diagnosis, 3 months later (shortly before starting intervention), and 6 months after the end of the intervention. At the final assessment, the effect of the behavioral intervention on psychological distress was positive. The effect was relatively modest but statistically significant when assessed in terms of the Global Severity Index (GSI) (a decrease of 2.3 points in the GSI of the treatment group as compared to an increase of 1.2 points in the GSI of the control group P=.005). Despite these moderately positive findings, we suggest that the results might be more meaningful if cancer patients are first screened for psychological distress to exclude those with a low distress level that does not justify intervention, and only then randomized for participation in the study.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Adjustment to cancer: who is the patient--the husband or the wife?

The adjustment of 117 cancer patients and their spouses was studied from self-reports. The patients were all in remission and at the time of assessment were not receiving any treatment. The adjustment of the patients was generally good, with no great differences between the types of cancer (breast, colon and testicular). The spouses reported as many adjustment problems as the patients, with high intracouple agreement. The findings of the present study suggest that adjustment is influenced by the gender of the patient, especially of the spouse.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Coping mechanisms of postmastectomy women. A group experience.

A treatment model using a randomly selected group of patients at various postmastectomy stages is discussed. Our hypothesis predicted that such a group would provide women with a much clearer and more positive understanding of their disease syntonic to each one's life style. At the end of this group therapy, we felt that we had established a self-therapy group, in which patients could sustain themselves and could readjust to new ways of living with their disease.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The impact of culture on perceptions of patient-physician satisfaction.

One of the focal points of the present study was to gain further understanding about whether cultural differences among cancer patients influence the satisfaction of patients with their physicians. The study population comprised randomly selected ambulatory cancer patients at the Sharett Institute of Oncology. Of the 450 patients in the study, 200 were veteran Israelis and most of the other 250 patients were immigrants from the former Soviet Union who arrived in Israel during the past 4 years. Patients were asked to describe their physicians using an eight-item questionnaire, and then to describe their ideal physician using the same questionnaire. The discrepancy between the two descriptions--actual and ideal--represents patient satisfaction. Our findings show that satisfaction among the Russian patients was very high, with scarcely any discrepancy between actual and ideal physician. In the Israeli group, however, a substantial discrepancy was noted in all items. It can be concluded that the Israeli patients were far less satisfied with their physicians than were the Russian patients.

Cross-Cultural Comparison↗