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Biomedical subjects

L Bense

Publications and source records attributed to L Bense.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Prenatal nicotine exposure and pulmonary barotrauma of newborns.

Smoking in adults increases the relative risk of contracting spontaneous pneumothorax, a form of pulmonary barotrauma. Maternal smoking habits affect the fetus. Pregnant females attend the antenatal clinic at the 8th to 12th weeks of pregnancy. There is a participation rate of 99% of all births in Sweden. Their smoking habits were registered at this stage. This study supported the hypothesis that the registered maternal smoking habits covariated with the risk of contracting pulmonary barotrauma in newborn infants. The infants of smokers do not seem to be at higher risk (95% C.I. of RR: 0.78-0.99) for contracting pulmonary barotrauma than those of nonsmokers. Thus far, the hypothesis is even rejected at the 5% significance level. However, after considering other factors, especially mother's education, it seems to be an open question whether or not a weak covariation is present. Newborn boys run almost twice the risk of contracting pulmonary barotrauma than girls. Furthermore, we found an increased risk for contracting pulmonary barotrauma in the subcohort of newborns whose mothers' smoking habits were not reported.

Barotrauma↗
PubMed1993

Nonsmoking, non-alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency-induced emphysema in nonsmokers with healed spontaneous pneumothorax, identified by computed tomography of the lungs.

This case-control study is based on an investigation of 27 nonsmoking patients with radiologically verified spontaneous pneumothorax (SP) and ten healthy never-smoker control subjects. The posteroanterior and lateral radiographs of patients and control subjects were normal. They were all submitted to the same clinical, laboratory, and radiologic examinations, including computed tomography (CT) of the lungs, with the aim of detecting any parenchymatous lung changes. Emphysema-like changes (ELCs) were detected on CT in 22 (81 percent) of the 27 patients, and if the ELC cases detected during interventional surgery are added, the frequency increases to 24/27 (89 percent). In 20 patients with unilateral SP, at least one ELC was found in 13 of the 20 SP-affected lungs, but only in five of the 20 lungs that were not diagnosed as having SP (p < 0.05). ELCs were found more frequently in the upper than in the lower lung regions (p < 0.05) and more frequently in the radiologically peripheral than in central regions (p < 0.001). No ELC was detected in the control group on CT. No alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency was found in the 27 nonsmoking patients with radiologically verified SP who had ELCs despite the absence of these known promoters of emphysema.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Bilateral bronchial anomaly. A pathogenetic factor in spontaneous pneumothorax.

Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FFB) was performed in 26 never-smokers with healed spontaneous pneumothorax (SP) with the aim of detecting and localizing any bronchial obstruction, including congenital anomaly. In a case-control study these patients were compared with a consecutive, randomly sampled, control group of 41 patients who were undergoing FFB for respiratory symptoms but who had not had a SP. In both groups the endobronchial anatomy with respect to such anomalies, which could be classified as disproportionate bronchial anatomy, an accessory bronchus, and/or a missing bronchus, was compared with normal anatomy. All except one of the 26 patients with SP but only four of the 41 control patients without SP had such bronchial anomalies bilaterally. This corresponds to an odds ratio of 231 (95% confidence interval, 24 to 880; p < 0.001). The significantly higher frequency of bilateral bronchial anomalies in never-smokers with SP suggests that a virtual prerequisite for the occurrence of SP has been found. However causal links between the probably congenital bronchial anomalies and SP have not yet been identified.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Intrabronchial selective coagulative treatment of hemoptysis. Report of three cases.

In three patients with hemoptysis, fibrin precursors were sprayed into the bronchus selectively to the site of the bleeding. In this way, four hemoptyses, resistant to other therapy, were arrested without any adverse effect. The total loss of blood was estimated at least 9 L, and it was substituted by transfusion of more than 8 L. The new method is described and its possible modes of action are discussed. This selective intrabronchial local coagulative method may be the proper symptomatic treatment of choice if causal therapy is ineffective or not available for any reason.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Cessation of smoking decreases the number of cases with spontaneous pneumothorax and resources can be redistributed].

The incidence of spontaneous pneumothorax has increased during the last fifty years, and recent studies indicate that tobacco smoking increases the incidence approximately tenfold among women and twentyfold among men. Total direct and indirect costs for the community due to smoking-induced spontaneous pneumothorax in Sweden amount to roughly 70 million SEK annually. Were smokers to give up smoking, 70 to 90 per cent of the cases could be avoided. These figures, and the fact that other smoking-induced diseases annually cause at least 10,000 deaths, 1,000 permanent disabilities, and 450,000 days of hospital care in Sweden, constitute formidable arguments in favour of efforts to prevent smoking.

Cost Allocation↗
PubMed1987

Effect of cimetidine on herpes zoster infection.

Cimetidine was administered to two patients for herpes zoster infection. An acute pain-relieving effect was observed. The patients were followed for 11 and 14 months without developing postherpetic neuralgia. Possible mechanisms for prevention of postherpetic neuralgia by cimetidine are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Smoking and the increased risk of contracting spontaneous pneumothorax.

The relation between smoking habits and the occurrence of spontaneous pneumothorax (SP) was studied in a Swedish population, predominantly urban. The study group consisted of a consecutive series of 138 patients admitted to Huddinge University Hospital over ten years for treatment of their first spontaneous pneumothorax. Their smoking habits were routinely analyzed. The sample consisted of 15,204 persons domiciled in the same circumscribed area (County of Stockholm). The annual incidence of first SP in the admission area is 6/100,000 for women and 18/100,000 for men. The study showed that smoking increased the relative risk of contracting a first spontaneous pneumothorax approximately ninefold among women and 22-fold among men and that there is a striking, statistically significant (p less than 0.001) dose-response relationship between smoking and the occurrence of SP. The life span risk of contracting SP among lifelong heavily smoking men is roughly estimated to be 12 percent but only 1/1,000 among never smokers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Onset of symptoms in spontaneous pneumothorax: correlations to physical activity.

The degree of physical activity at the onset of spontaneous pneumothorax was evaluated retrospectively in 219 patients, predominantly smokers who had had this disease for the first time. More than 87% had been inactive at the onset of the symptoms. Moderate exertion was recorded in only 2%, and no patients were exerting themselves heavily when the symptoms began. The occurrence of spontaneous pneumothorax was unevenly (p less than 0.001) distributed over the day. In 9% the symptoms had their onset during quick movement--such as fastening a seat belt--without any effort. The inactivity or low activity at the onset of symptoms of spontaneous pneumothorax suggests that this condition is unrelated to muscle effort.

Adult↗