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Biomedical subjects

L Berland

Publications and source records attributed to L Berland.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Variability of abdominal adipose tissue measurements using computed tomography in prepubertal girls.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the variability of measuring regional adipose tissue area using abdominal computed tomography (CT) in normal-weight, prepubertal girls. DESIGN: Measurements of abdominal CT were performed twice, 6 weeks apart. SUBJECTS: Sixty-one normal-weight, prepubertal girls (age: 4.8-10.3 y, mean (s.d.) BMI: 16.7 +/- 1.5 kg/m2). MEASUREMENTS: Abdominal adipose tissue by CT at baseline and 6 weeks later. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between visits 1 and 2 with regard to the children's average abdominal CT derived intraabdominal adipose tissue (21.64 cm2 vs 23.74 cm2) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (62.49 cm2 vs 65.28 cm2). The Pearson coefficient of correlation (r), P-value, total coefficient of variation (CV) and standard error of the difference (SEdelta) for intra-individual measurements between visits 1 and 2 by abdominal CT were: total abdominal adipose tissue, r = 0.94, P < 0.0001, CV = 12.34%, SEdelta 2.25 cm2; subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue, r = 0.96, P < 0.0001, CV = 10.67%, SEdelta = 1.57 cm2; and intraabdominal adipose tissue, r = 0.67, P < 0.0001, CV = 21.5%, SEdelta = 1.11 cm2. The mean ratios of intraabdominal to subcutaneous adipose tissue on visits 1 and 2 were 0.42 +/- 0.2 and 0.44 +/- 0.24, respectively. CONCLUSION: Regional adipose tissue area measurements using abdominal CT were reliable in healthy, normal-weight, prepubertal girls.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1997

Fat distribution, physical activity, and cardiovascular risk factors.

The purpose of this study was to report the relationship between fat distribution, physical activity (PA), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Percent fat, computed tomography intra-abdominal adipose tissue (IAF), anthropometrics, Baecke activity questionnaire, and CVD risk (blood pressure, cholesterol, HDL, HDL2, HDL3, IDL, LDL, VLDL, and triglycerides) were evaluated in 137 men 30-71 yr old. IAF was consistently more highly related to CVD risk than other fat distribution variables including percent fat and waist:hip ratio (r = 0.3-0.45). IAF was significantly related to CVD risk after adjusting for other fat distribution variables. With the exception of the sum of biceps, triceps, thigh, and calf skinfolds (peripheral skinfolds), which was negatively related to CVD risk, no other fat distribution variable had consistent significant partial correlations with CVD risk. PA was related to IAF after adjusting for peripheral skinfolds, but PA was not related to peripheral skinfolds after adjusting for IAF, indicating more active men have relatively low IAF. IAF was related to CVD risk after adjusting for PA, but PA was not related to CVD risk after adjusting for IAF. These results indicate that IAF is directly related to CVD risk while the lower CVD risk found with more active men is more directly related to the low IAF found in more active men.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1996

Intra-abdominal adipose tissue cut-points related to elevated cardiovascular risk in women.

Intra-abdominal adipose tissue (IAF) seems to be the primary fat depot putting individuals at risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The purpose of this study was to determine IAF cut-points for identifying CVD risk in pre- and post-menopausal women. Age ranged from 18 to 77 y and percentage fat ranged from 9 to 48%. Computed tomography (CT), IAF, DEXA determined regional fat and blood lipid profiles were obtained on 220 Caucasian women. Student's t-tests were run to determine differences between pre- and post-menopausal women. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to develop IAF cut-points associated with elevated CVD risk. Post-menopausal women had higher percentage fat, greater proportion IAF and higher CVD risk. Menopausal status was not consistently independently related to CVD risk after adjusting for IAF, but IAF was after adjusting for menopausal status. The same cut-points for CVD risk were found with both 4- and 6-CVD risk factor analysis and for both pre- and post-menopausal as well as pooled data. 4-CVD risk factor analysis comprised cholesterol (C), HDL-C, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. 6-CVD risk factor analysis comprised the 4-CVD risk factors plus triglycerides and cholesterol : HDL-C ratio. ROC L positive values indicate levels of IAF above which metabolic disturbances will be increased and were determined to be 110 cm2. ROC L negative values indicate levels of IAF below which CVD risk will not be affected and were determined to be 40 cm2. False positives were 3% and false negatives were 9%. ANOVA comparing women with IAF cross-sections less than 40 cm2, between 40 and 110 cm2 and more than 110 cm2 demonstrate large differences in CVD risk profile. It is suggested women who have IAF values above 110 cm2 are in jeopardy of possessing elevated CVD risk.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1995

Reduction in intra-abdominal adipose tissue after strength training in older women.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a total body strength-training program on changes in total and regional body composition, in particular intra-abdominal adipose tissue (IAAT), in older women. Fourteen healthy older women (mean age 67 +/- 1 yr) exercised 3 times/wk for 16 wk. Strength was assessed by one-repetition maximum tests, with training intensity gradually increased to approximately 67% of one repetition maximum. Body composition was measured by hydrodensitometry and regional body composition was measured by computed tomography. Strength was significantly increased in the upper (51%) and lower body (65%). There was no significant change in body weight (64.4 +/- 2.7 vs. 64.2 +/- 2.7 kg), total body fat (38.7 +/- 1.4 vs. 38.0 +/- 1.6%) or fat-free mass (39.7 +/- 1.0 vs. 40.0 +/- 0.9 kg). However, after ST, there were significant reductions in IAAT (143.9 +/- 13.3 vs. 130.0 +/- 12.4 cm2), the IAAT-to-subcutaneous adipose tissue ratio (0.48 +/- 0.04 vs. 0.44 +/- 0.04), and midthigh subcutaneous adipose tissue (141.7 +/- 11.5 vs. 133.6 +/- 10.8 cm2) and an increase in midthigh muscle (52.9 +/- 2.6 vs. 58.0 +/- 2.0 cm2) (all P < 0.05). In conclusion, significant reductions in IAAT and an increase in strength and muscle area were observed after a strength-training program in healthy older women. These changes may be important in preventing the negative health outcomes associated with the age-related increase in intra-abdominal obesity.

Abdomen↗