PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

L Berman

Publications and source records attributed to L Berman.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Childhood diaphragmatic hernias presenting after the neonatal period.

Twenty-six patients with Bochdalek hernias and 15 with Morgagni hernias were evaluated in a survey of children presenting over the age of 8 weeks during a 20 year period. Ten of the children had previously normal chest radiographs. Radiological assessment at presentation was incorrect with 15 Bochdalek and two Morgagni hernias. These errors were more common in interpretations by general radiologists. Inappropriate thoracocentesis had been performed in four cases misdiagnosed as pneumothoraces. Barium studies, fluoroscopy, erect views and plain radiographs after nasogastric intubation were helpful investigations. Post-operative evidence of lobar collapse and pulmonary hypoplasia was frequently not appreciated at the time of clinical and radiological follow-up. Other congenital anomalies were commonly seen, particularly with Morgagni hernias. Bowel malfixation and malrotation, an important association, was frequently present but was occasionally overlooked at operation, necessitating further surgery for bowel obstruction.

Child↗
PubMed1988

The late-presenting pediatric Bochdalek hernia: a 20-year review.

A 20-year retrospective study was made of children with congenital posterolateral (Bochdalek) hernias presenting more than 8 weeks after birth. The records of 26 patients (16 boys and 10 girls) were evaluated. Sixteen infants and children (62%) were originally misdiagnosed clinically and radiologically as having either infective lung changes, congenital lung cysts, or pneumothoraces; inappropriate thoracentesis occurred in four patients misdiagnosed as having a pneumothorax. Five patients had previously normal chest radiographs. The most useful investigation was a plain radiograph following passage of a nasogastric tube. Coexisting abnormalities (in particular, gut malfixation and malrotation) were common. All patients except one were operated on within days of presentation, and as emergencies if symptoms were acute. More than one third of our patients were left with a smaller than normal ipsilateral lung after their diaphragmatic hernia repair, and these lungs must be considered hypoplastic to some degree. Chest tubes made no difference in the lung's eventual expansion. Two deaths occurred as a result of acute cardiorespiratory arrest in previously well children. Therefore, the symptoms, signs, and radiologic findings of patients with diaphragmatic hernias presenting after the neonatal period may be difficult to interpret, and may result in diagnostic delay, misguided therapy, and a potentially fatal outcome.

Child↗
PubMed1987

The ultrasound appearance of positive hip instability tests.

In a study assessing the use of ultrasound in the detection of neonatal hip abnormalities, the clinical findings in unstable hips were correlated with the ultrasound appearance during the instability provocation tests. Both hip displacement and concentric reduction of the femoral head in relation to the acetabulum could be defined with the ultrasound image.

Hip↗
PubMed1987

Pubic osteomyelitis presenting as irritable hip.

Two cases of pubic osteomyelitis presenting as a painful hip are reported. In both cases the diagnosis was delayed by the unusual presentation and by the limited radiological investigation. Pubic osteomyelitis is rare in childhood but should be considered in the differential diagnosis of the 'irritable hip'.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Ultrasound screening for hip abnormalities: preliminary findings in 1001 neonates.

Several studies have documented the failure of neonatal clinical screening to reduce the incidence of hip dislocation later in infancy. In addition, the practice of splinting unstable hips is said to result in the treatment of many infants who would have developed normally if left unsplinted. Ultrasound provides a detailed image of the bony and cartilaginous neonatal hip. The results of conventional testing for hip instability were compared with ultrasound screening in 1001 neonates. As a result of the ultrasonic image 14 of 17 infants with hip instability were not splinted and developed normally. Two babies without detectable clinical signs were shown to have severe hip abnormalities. It is suggested that clinically normal but dysplastic hips do exist and that ultrasound will detect them. In addition, the overtreatment that is current practice might be avoided.

Hip Dislocation, Congenital↗
PubMed1986

Ion-exchange resin bezoar in a neonate.

A case of impacted ion-exchange resin causing intestinal obstruction associated with intraluminal calcification is described. This cause of bowel obstruction with intraluminal opacification has not previously been reported.

Bezoars↗
PubMed1986

Ultrasound of the hip: a review of the applications of a new technique.

In an attempt both to reduce gonadal irradiation incurred with conventional radiology, and to image the unossified structures of the neonatal hip, several groups have undertaken studies on aspects of hip ultrasound particularly with reference to the paediatric patient. The ultrasound anatomy of the unossified infant hip has been described by Graf in Austria. The same author has devised an ultrasonographic classification for hip dysplasias and dislocations which has gained widespread acceptance in mainland Europe. Two studies have appeared exploring the use of ultrasound for the measurement of femoral neck anteversion but as yet these have not been compared with CT or trigonometric methods of assessment. Ultrasound has been shown to be effective in the detection of hip joint effusions, but its role in the management of the "irritable hip" has yet to be defined.

Hip↗
PubMed1985

Reducing errors in the accident department: a simple method using radiographers.

The assessments by radiographers of 1628 consecutive patients referred for radiography in the casualty department were analysed. The radiographers missed abnormalities in the radiographs in 68 of the cases. Casualty officers missed abnormalities in 63 cases, but only 35 patients were common to both groups. Twenty eight of the radiographs interpreted wrongly by casualty officers were interpreted correctly by radiographers; 16 of these 28 were thought by the accident and emergency consultant to be clinically important. It is suggested that a system whereby radiographers signal abnormalities should be standard practice.

Diagnostic Errors↗
PubMed1985

A survey of accident and emergency reporting: results and implications.

Surveys have shown a consistent error rate in the detection of radiographically demonstrable abnormalities by casualty officers. A high incidence of medical litigation is related to casualty departments. For these reasons, a survey of hospitals in England and Wales was carried out to determine when and whether accident and emergency radiographs are reported. The practice in 146 hospitals was analysed. It was found that two-thirds of hospitals report all radiographs within 48 h. Seven per cent of hospitals either do not report any radiographs, report only radiographs of certain areas, or delay reporting for over 1 week. It is suggested that the patients attending as many as a quarter of all hospitals as casualties are at increased risk from errors which will inevitably be recognised late, and that these errors are directly attributable to shortage of staff.

Accidents↗