Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to L Berry.
An intensive, ongoing effort at the 964-bed University of Michigan Hospitals to make employees more aware of the need for positive guest relations used a combination of commercially produced material and in-house program design.
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Confluent dental pulp fibroblast cultures incorporated L-[3H]-fucose in a linear manner with time into non-diffusible macromolecules over 24 h. Ascorbate supplementation did not appear to alter the amount or type of macromolecules. Equilibrium CsCl-density-gradient centrifugation established that the [3H]-fucose-labelled macromolecules released into the medium were predominantly glycoproteins. Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis showed that the major fucosylated glycoprotein had an apparent molecular weight of 230,000, but several other species were also seen. The major fucosylated glycoprotein was fibronectin by its affinity for gelatin and its immunoprecipitation with a specific anti-(cold-insoluble globulin).
Aneuploidy and structural chromosome rearrangements comprise a significant group of abnormalities in the general population. The true incidence of such abnormalities can be obtained by large research studies of consecutive newborns. In practice, the observed incidence of such chromosome abnormalities is obtained by karyotyping subjects who present for clinical reasons. The difference between the observed clinically indicated rates and the assumed rate (by comparison with data from consecutive newborn studies) would allow the estimation of the unrecognised chromosome abnormality load in the general population. The difference between these two rates would provide valuable data concerning the appropriateness of selection techniques for routine chromosome analysis. This paper reports such a study, from Queensland, Australia. A total population 5-year survey (1976-1980) of the diagnosed chromosome abnormalities in this unselected primary population of 2.2 million people is reported. Five hundred and eighty-nine chromosome abnormalities were detected in a consecutive series of 6092 karyotypes performed (9.7%). This figure is significantly lower than that found in most other reported series where case selection for karyotyping is determined by clinical criteria. In this current study the annual diagnostic rate for chromosome abnormalities was 5.41 per 100,000 of the general population. Cumulative frequency histograms for all types of chromosome abnormality, by age, are presented. In current practice, 32% of chromosome abnormalities are not diagnosed until adult life. Fifty percent of cases of chromosome abnormality (of all types) remain undiagnosed by the age of 1 year, in spite of a relatively liberal acceptance rate on the part of laboratories offering routine karyotyping services. It is concluded that a positive diagnostic rate greater than 10%, in routine chromosome laboratories, probably indicates that more than half the true cases of chromosome abnormality in a population are being missed.
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There is increasing evidence that the supportive cells (stromal cells) in nearly all organs containing cellular self-renewal systems are involved in carcinogenesis. One body of evidence specific to irradiation leukemogenesis documents the role of irradiated murine stromal cells in the cell biologic changes associated with evolution of leukemia in cocultivated, nonirradiated stem cells. Stem cell phenotypic changes that have been documented include upregulation of cell surface c-fms, downregulation of growth requirement for obligatory growth factors, and the appearance of novel transcripts detected by differential display. A second body of evidence documents the potential role of stromal cells functioning as biologic tumor promoters through their release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and production of altered adhesion molecules or growth factors during the chronic response to chemical or physical carcinogens. These molecular biologic mechanisms, potentially operative in stromal cells, can block apoptosis and induce DNA strand breaks in closely associated self-renewing stem cells. In an in vivo model of irradiation effects on lung stromal cells, we have irradiated the lungs of control C57BL/6J mice or other mice with orthotopic Lewis lung tumors and shown that TGF-beta release is increased following irradiation. The TGF-beta increase by irradiation may specifically be inhibited by administering an inhalation plasmid liposome mixture containing a transgene for human manganese superoxide dismutase prior to irradiation. An appreciation of the role of stromal cells in leukemogenesis and carcinogenesis may also be very relevant to the design of new therapeutic strategies for treatment of cancer, particularly since current strategies focus on eradication of stem cell transformants and do not rigorously address the persistence of surviving stromal cells.