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Biomedical subjects

L Black

Publications and source records attributed to L Black.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Myocardial reperfusion injury: the critical challenge.

Oxygen-free radical production and reperfusion injury are complex mechanisms. New and improved methods for maximizing the benefits of reperfusion while minimizing reperfusion injury are on the horizon in the 1990s. Critical care nurses play a crucial role in the assessment, planning, and intervention of patients experiencing the deleterious effects of free radicals and reperfusion injury. Thus, a sound knowledge base in the pathophysiology of reperfusion injury, the detrimental effects of free radicals, and the potential benefits of free-radical scavengers is essential.

Free Radical Scavengers↗
PubMed1992

The nuts and bolts of organizing and initiating a pediatric transport team. The Sutter Memorial experience.

Specialized interfacility transport teams are capable of delivering critical care medicine to the patient at the referring hospital and while en route to the tertiary care center. To do so effectively, however, requires adequate financial and human resources; management of equipment, supplies and personnel; ongoing education for transport team members; and an aggressive quality assurance program. Team members and team management should always be prepared for worst-case scenarios, and develop a method for problem resolution as troublesome issues arise. The ultimate goal of serving the needs of the critically ill child can be consistently met only if there is a high level of commitment of all involved--from the hospital administrator and medical director to the transport coordinator and team members.

California↗
PubMed1991

Quality monitor implementation for standards of care of the mechanically ventilated patient.

Each critical care unit has a responsibility to develop a quality assurance process to evaluate nursing practice. Staff members at Shawnee Mission Medical Center (SMMC) developed a protocol, based on the Marker Model, to establish standards of care related to care of the patient requiring mechanical ventilation. The quality assurance process used to monitor implementation of the standards is described.

Critical Care↗
PubMed1990

Turn it around: short-term management for aggression and anger.

1. Although nurses are at considerable risk for assaults, there are few practical and specific guidelines for controlling anger and aggression. 2. A training course was developed to give staff the necessary skills and knowledge to cope with clients who have the potential to become angry and assaultive, or those who have already become violent. 3. Participants in the training course felt more confident in managing potentially violent situations, and they reported relying on methods to de-escalate the situation to halt a sequence that would ultimately lead to violence.

Aggression↗
PubMed1990

Reperfusion and reperfusion injury in acute myocardial infarction.

Recognition of the clinical markers of reperfusion and comprehension of the effects of reperfusion injury in acute myocardial infarction provide a unique challenge for today's critical care nurse. In this article we will explore the processes of reperfusion injury. A review of relevant literature and presentation of a clinical case study and care plan will enable the critical care nurse to construct a larger knowledge base and assist in the nursing management of patients with acute myocardial infarction. Evaluation and treatment of reperfusion and reperfusion injury remains under investigation, but through the skills of assessment, planning, and intervention the critical care nurse can coordinate prompt and appropriate care to the patient with an acute myocardial infarction.

Critical Care↗
PubMed1988

Anger control.

Anger is a poorly understood but very common emotion. When it is misdirected or uncontrolled it becomes dangerous. An analysis of anger and a treatment paradigm is presented, and we outline a research project in which we are using the approach with a group of mentally handicapped adults.

Aggression↗
PubMed1986

Humoral response of pregnant sows to foot and mouth disease vaccination.

Four groups of sows were inoculated, either once or twice, with O1BFS 1860 foot and mouth disease oil-emulsion vaccine during pregnancy and samples of serum, for analysis, were collected at intervals for greater than 300 days. The pregnant sows responded well to vaccination regardless of their state of gestation. Single vaccination produced protective levels of antibody (greater than 1.53 log10SN50) in 3 out of 4 sows while double vaccination produced protective levels in all 6 sows tested. Anti-FMD IgM antibodies could be detected for 40-60 days after vaccination or revaccination. Anti-FMD IgG antibodies appeared within 10 days of vaccination and persisted, in each sow, for the duration of the study. The anti-FMD IgA response observed was less easy to characterize due to significant animal to animal variation. Although there was no evidence of a fall in the neutralizing antibody titres over one year post vaccination the anti-FMD IgG antibody population did show signs of a change in its heterogeneity and avidity.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Foot-and-mouth disease vaccination: a multifactorial study of the influence of antigen dose and potentially competitive immunogens on the response of cattle of different ages.

Groups of 68 and 66 cattle aged 12 and 24 months respectively were each subdivided into 16 groups and inoculated with foot-and-mouth disease vaccines containing O1 Campos, A24 Cruzeiro and C3 Pando virus strains. The 140S antigen mass of the O1 and A24 valencies was varied while that of C3 was held constant. Multifactorial comparisons between the 21 day serum neutralising antibody titres showed that over most of the range there was a linear log dose response relationship. Doubling the antigen dose increased the serum antibody titres against both A24 Cruzeiro and O1 Campos by approximately 0.15 log10. The A24 antigen was about 30 times more immunogenic than the O1 with C3 intermediate between the two. At high antigen doses the responses flattened but the level at which this occurred depended on the immunogen administered. No difference could be demonstrated between the responses of 12- and 24-month-old cattle and there was no evidence of competitive inhibition or enhancement between the virus strains included in the vaccines.

Aging↗
PubMed1986

Response of young pigs to foot-and-mouth disease oil emulsion vaccination in the presence and absence of maternally derived neutralising antibodies.

Serum samples and bodyweights were taken at regular intervals for six to seven months from piglets, born to foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccinated or unvaccinated sows, which had been vaccinated at one, two, four or eight weeks old. Young pigs, devoid of maternally derived antibodies (MDA), were capable of responding to FMD vaccination at one week old, with no deleterious effects on their growth rate. However, their immunity to experimental infection at six to seven months old was poor (33.3 per cent). Vaccination of four or eight-week-old piglets, born to unvaccinated sows, protected 87.5 per cent from a similar challenge. In piglets, born to FMD vaccinated sows, the MDA had a suppressive effect on the early vaccination response. This suppression, which was affected by the titre of MDA present in the piglets at the time of vaccination, was complete in one-, two- and four-week-old piglets and partial in eight-week-old piglets. Furthermore, none of these piglets were immune to experimental infection at six to seven months old.

Aging↗
PubMed1985

Guinea pig protection test as indicator of potency of oil emulsion foot-and-mouth disease vaccines.

A vaccine potency test is described involving virus challenge to six groups of 10 guinea pigs at five weeks after vaccination. Sixteen oil emulsion foot-and-mouth disease vaccines were so tested and nine retested after storage at 4 degrees C for up to 28.3 months. The results were compared with those of the routinely used oil emulsion vaccine potency test (protection afforded to eight pigs challenged 21 days after vaccination). When guinea pig estimates of 3 log2 PD50 or more were obtained, then, with one exception, the batches protected all or almost all pigs from challenge, but when the guinea pig estimates were less than 1 log2 PD50, the vaccines failed to protect five out of eight pigs. The sensitivity and reproducibility of the guinea pig method, established by repeated tests on two vaccine batches, seemed acceptable. The results suggested that guinea pig estimates might provide a suitable substitute for pig challenge potency tests because they reflected the potency of the vaccines, were likely to involve smaller standard errors and caused less discomfort to animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Neonatal respiratory instability and infant development.

This study examines the relationships between neonatal sleep respiratory instability and infant development. A group of 122 full-term healthy infants was observed during a nap within the first and fourth weeks of life. During each nap, a continuous polygraphic recording was obtained of respiratory activity and extraocular movements. The relative frequency and average duration of apneic pauses (greater than or equal to 2 sec) in each testing session for an infant were employed to calculate a measure of respiratory instability (PSA4) previously found to be related to the occurrence of prolonged sleep apnea. 28 of the infants in this study were maintained at home on apnea monitors. The Bayley Scales of Infant Development were administered to each infant at approximately 9 months of age. Comparisons of infants with high versus low PSA4 values and of monitored versus unmonitored infants were not strongly distorted by imbalances in birth weight, sex, race, birth order, method of feeding, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) sibship, parental education, age at developmental assessment, and developmental tester. Those with increased respiratory instability (PSA4 greater than or equal to -0.04) within the first week of life averaged significantly lower in mental and psychomotor development. Utilization of home apnea monitors was not significantly associated with developmental scores.

Child Development↗
PubMed1978

Calcification in an intramyocardial mass lesion: isolated calcification of an accessory papillary muscle in a patient with mitral prolapse.

Cardiac catheterization in a 50-year-old male with mitral leaflet prolapsed revealed a filling defect with calcification in the high posterolateral wall. At surgery, the lesion was found to be a calcified accessory papillary muscle with thickened, calcified chordae to the posterior leaflet. The calcification and fibrosis were felt to be due to friction lesions between elongated chordae and the endocardium. Intracardiac calcification in mitral leaflet prolapsed may suggest calcified mitral apparatus.

Calcinosis↗
PubMed1978

Intraoperative autotransfusion in elective and emergency vascular surgery.

Intraoperative autotransfusion was studied in 62 patients undergoing elective or emergency thoracic or abdominal vascular surgery systemic heparinization. The results in 58 patients who received a mean autotransfusion volume of 1.8 liters were compared with a group of four patients in whom 9 liters of blood was autotransfused. The quality of the autotransfused blood also was studied and was shown to have a normal platelet count (mean, 144,000/cu mm) and normal fibrinogen value (mean, 212 mg%). No significant differences in the hematological or coagulation parameters measured were detected in the groups given moderate or massive autotransfusion. The mean homologous blood requirement during the hospital admission in the "moderate" group was 300 ml and in the "massive" group 1,000 ml. With careful technique excessive hemolysis or pulmonary microaggregate embolism does not occur; 75% of patients required no homologous blood throughout their hospital admission. No complications which would be attributed to autotransfusion were seen in either group. It is concluded that intraoperative autotransfusion is safe and effective and deserves wider application.

Abdomen↗