Biomedical subjects

L Brace

Publications and source records attributed to L Brace.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1995

Response of hypercholesterolemic subjects to administration of tocotrienols.

The cholesterol-suppressive actions of Palmvitee and gamma-tocotrienol were assessed in hypercholesterolemic subjects after acclimation to the American Heart Association Step 1 dietary regimen for four and eight weeks, respectively. The four-week dietary regimen alone elicited a 5% decrease (P < 0.05) in the cholesterol level of the 36 subjects. Subjects continuing on the dietary regimen for a second four-week period experienced an additional 2% decrease in their cholesterol levels. Dietary assessments based on unanticipated recalls of 24-h food intake records suggest that significant reductions in energy and fat, predominantly in saturated fat, intakes are responsible. The subjects experienced significant Palmvitee- and gamma-tocotrienol-mediated decreases in cholesterol. The group of subjects acclimated to the dietary regimen for four weeks responded to Palmvitee (a blend of tocols providing 40 mg alpha-tocopherol, 48 mg alpha-tocotrienol, 112 mg gamma-tocotrienol, and 60 mg delta-to-cotrienol/day for four weeks) with a 10% decrease in cholesterol (P < 0.05). Dietary assessments showed no further change in energy and fat intakes. alpha-Tocopherol attenuated the cholesterol-suppressive action of the tocotrienols. The second group of subjects, acclimated to the dietary regimen for eight weeks, received 200 mg gamma-tocotrienol/d for four weeks. The cholesterol-suppressive potency of this alpha-tocopherol-free preparation was calculated to be equivalent to that of the mixture of tocotrienols (220 mg) used in the prior study. Cholesterol levels of the 16 subjects in the second group decreased 13% (P < 0.05) during the four-week trial. Plasma apolipoprotein B and ex vivo generation of thromboxane B2 were similarly responsive to the tocotrienol preparations, whereas neither preparation had an impact on high density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-1 levels.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Changes in body weight, body composition, and energy intake in women fed high- and low-fat diets.

The effects of a 20%-fat diet (LF) on total body weight, lean body weight, and adiposity were studied in 18 premenopausal women with body mass index (BMI) of 18-44. Subjects were fed a 37%-fat (HF) control diet for 4 wk followed by the LF diet for 20 wk. Total body weight, lean body weight, and fat weight were measured at the end of the HF and LF dietary periods by hydrostatic weighing. Despite adjustments in energy intake to maintain weight throughout the study, subjects exhibited a 2.8% decrease in total body weight (P less than 0.0006), an 11.3% decrease in fat weight (P less than 0.0001), and a 2.2% increase in lean body weight (P less than 0.0149) by the end of the LF period. Similar changes were observed in obese (BMI greater than 30) and non-obese women (BMI less than 30). By the end of the LF period, energy intake had increased significantly in comparison with the HF diet (119% of the HF intake, P less than 0.0001). Results could not be explained by changes in daily activity levels and suggest that macronutrient composition plays a role in energy requirements for weight maintenance.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed1989

Hypercoagulable states and lower limb ischemia in young adults.

This study prospectively evaluates hypercoagulable states in patients under 51 years of age undergoing lower extremity revascularization for ischemia and assesses early outcome after operation. Twenty patients whose ages range from 23 to 50 years (mean 40.8 years) were identified prospectively who underwent lower extremity revascularization and evaluation of hypercoagulability. Fifteen patients were male (75%), 10 were black (50%), six had hypertension (30%), and four were diabetic (20%). All but two were cigarette smokers (90%). Seven aortoiliac procedures and 13 infrainguinal procedures were performed. Six patients had one or more abnormalities of regulatory proteins (protein S deficiency, four; protein C deficiency, three; presence of lupus-like anticoagulant, three; plasminogen deficiency, two). Eight of 17 patients in whom platelet aggregation profiles were obtained showed increased reactivity (47%). Only 4 of 17 patients (24%) were normal when tested for all parameters. Arterial or graft thrombosis developed in four of the 20 patients within 30 days after operation. Hypercoagulability was found in all four patients whose revascularizations failed. A high incidence of hypercoagulable states was found in patients under 51 years of age with lower limb ischemia requiring revascularization. Hypercoagulability may have contributed to early postoperative thrombosis of the vascular procedure.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Lupus-like anticoagulants and lower extremity arterial occlusive disease.

Lupus-like anticoagulants (LLA), lupus anticoagulant and/or anticardiolipin antibody, are increasingly recognized in association with venous and arterial thrombotic events. We recently reviewed our experience with patients undergoing revascularization for lower-limb ischemia who were found to have LLA. Nine patients had LLA based on a prolongation of the partial thromboplastin time or by anticardiolipin assay by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system. The ages of the patients ranged from 23 to 57 years. There were seven (78%) men, six (67%) blacks, two (22%) diabetic patients, and three (33%) hypertensive patients. One patient had systemic lupus erythematosus. All patients except one were cigarette smokers. Four patients had concurrent regulatory protein abnormalities: three protein C deficiencies, one protein S deficiency, and one plasminogen deficiency. The nine patients had 10 lower-extremity arterial reconstructions with two postoperative failures within 30 days. Patients were anticoagulated with heparin or aspirin after all but one operation. Patients at risk were identified on the basis of age (less than 51 years), unexplained early graft thrombosis, or history of venous or arterial thrombotic events. This group of patients is believed to be at risk for early postoperative thrombosis. Postoperative anticoagulation after revascularization for patients with LLA may be beneficial.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

The pharmacology and therapeutics of vitamin K.

Much has been learned in the past 10 years about the mechanism of action of coumarin anticoagulants and the role of vitamin K in the production of functional clotting factors. This paper reviews the mechanism for post-ribosomal modification of precursor proteins into functional clotting factors, the therapeutic uses of vitamin K, pharmacologic and therapeutic uses of vitamin K antagonists, and the current means of testing for vitamin K antagonism. In addition, information concerning newly discovered vitamin K-dependent proteins in other tissues and pathologic processing is discussed.

1-Carboxyglutamic Acid↗

PubMed1981

Uniform admissions system for a medical laboratory sciences program.

A system for selection of medical technology students has been developed that features numerical ranking of applicants according to a uniform point system. Each applicant is quantitatively evaluated on achievement of academic and non-academic criteria identified as predictors of success in the student program and in clinical practice. This admissions system has been statistically evaluated by comparing admissions data for 59 graduates with subsequent measures of success during the program and in their first professional employment. The academic and non-academic predictors used in this system describe separate sets of applicant characteristics and appear to be effective as predictors of success. Academic and non-academic predictors are found to function independently of each other as predictors of success in the academic aspects of the program and in the clinical, non-cognitive aspects of both the student program and subsequent professional practice, respectively.

Educational Measurement↗