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Biomedical subjects

L Brayer

Publications and source records attributed to L Brayer.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Periodontal treatment needs, by CPITN, among employees of a Jerusalem hospital.

A survey, employing the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN), was conducted among 344 employees of a Jerusalem hospital. Of the population surveyed, 2.2 per cent demonstrated totally healthy mouths, 1.5 per cent had, at the worst, bleeding symptoms, 13.3 per cent had calculus, 53.4 per cent had 4-5 mm ('shallow' according to WHO) pockets and 29.6 per cent had deep pockets (6 mm or more) as their worst CPITN scores. Results revealed an average of 0.55 edentulous sextants, 0.68 healthy sextants, 0.87 sextants with bleeding symptoms, 1.36 with calculus, 1.95 with 4-5 mm pockets and 0.61 sextants with deep pockets. In general, females were healthier than males, had a significantly greater number of healthy sextants, less sextants with calculus and less sextants with deep pockets. A deterioration in periodontal health with age was evident, according to mean number of sextants per person by CPITN scores. Associations were also analysed between CPITN and demographic variables. Few significant associations were revealed. Based on FDI and WHO estimates, the calculated periodontal treatment needs for the hospital employees was found to be about 2 hours per person. Compared with data for other countries, as reported by the WHO, this status demands serious efforts to be made towards periodontal health promotion.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

Effect of glycyrrhizin-containing toothpaste on dental plaque reduction and gingival health in humans. A pilot study.

Glycyrrhizin, the main saponin of licorice, a surfactant producing aqueous gel, was tested for its effect on gingival health, as a supplemental agent in a toothpaste. 40 male and female volunteers brushed their teeth twice daily, with a toothpaste containing 0.25% and 0.50% glycyrrhizin, or a control toothpaste, respectively. All 3 toothpastes contained sodium lauryl sulfate as detergent. The subjects of the 3 groups were examined at days 0, 7, 14, 28, 35 and 42 for plaque, gingival and bleeding indices. The examiner was unaware of subject assignment. None of the brushing regimens with the experimental toothpastes induced significant changes in the examined indices, that were distinct from those observed with the control toothpaste. The decrease (insignificant) in the indices of the study period from 0 to 14 days may be considered as an increased oral hygiene awareness by the subjects examined. Possible explanations for the lack of efficiency in improvement of plaque, gingival and bleeding indices, may have been an insufficient glycyrrhizin concentration and/or chemical incompatibility in a toothpaste containing a mixture of an anionic detergent and an organic antibacterial surface agent.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Association of smoking with periodontal treatment needs.

A total of 344 Jerusalem hospital personnel participated in the present survey which examined periodontal needs according to CPITN (a measure of treatment needs) and smoking habits. Females and younger subjects were found to be generally periodontally healthier than their male and older counterparts. The effect of both smoking and the number of cigarettes smoked were shown to have a clearly deleterious effect on periodontal status when assessed using the CPITN. Younger women were found to be most susceptible to this effect.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Use of a metastabilized chlorous acid/chlorine dioxide formulation as a mouthrinse for plaque reduction.

A metastabilized chlorous acid/chlorine dioxide (MECA) formulation was used as a mouthwash in a group of 18 volunteers aged 20-27. Its effect on developing plaque and salivary bacterial count was tested. The trial was carried out over 33 days during which each subject used three different formulations of mouthwash: a high concentration (0.16% sodium chloride in an activating system), a low concentration (0.04% sodium chloride, comparably activated) and a placebo mouthwash (activating system alone). Each participant used each of the three formulations as the only means of oral hygiene for 5-day periods. Each experimental period was separated by 9 days during which the participants returned to their regular oral hygiene habits. The high concentration and low concentration groups showed a 34.5 and 13.5% reduction of dental plaque scores, respectively, compared with the placebo control group. This effect on the plaque index scores was not accompanied by any significant change in the number of salivary bacteria.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Alveolar bone repair following extraction of impacted mandibular third molars.

Bone regeneration following extraction of impacted mandibular third molars was measured on 83 preoperative and postoperative radiographs. The patient sample was divided into two age groups, 20 to 29 years and 30 to 50 years. Postoperatively, there was an average net gain of 2.15 mm in bone level. The degree of bone healing is affected primarily by age and, to a lesser extent, by the presence of generalized inflammation (periodontitis).

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The effect of iron on in vitro decalcification of human tooth enamel.

The effect of iron chloride on an in vitro acid attack of human enamel was studied. Slices of teeth were covered with varnish except for a window left on one of the enamel surfaces for exposure. The iron salt was used as a supplement to acid gel, or as pretreatment of the enamel surfaces before exposure to the pure gel. Differences in light transmission of the experimental and control specimen from the radiographs taken before and after immersion in the decalcifying media were assessed quantitatively. The increase in radio-opacity of the enamel sections incubated in the iron-containing acid media was attributed to a lower degree of enamel decalcification.

Acids↗
PubMed1985

Plaque inhibition by sustained release of chlorhexidine from removable appliances.

We studied the effectiveness of a sustained-release delivery system for chlorhexidine in plaque prevention. A clinical trial in a group of eight students wearing orthodontic appliances coated by ethyl cellulose polymer containing the drug demonstrated that plaque accumulation was decreased for a period of four days. All oral procedures had been withdrawn during the clinical study. No side-effects of chlorhexidine, such as tooth staining and unpleasant taste, were observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Effect of toothbrushing with a fluoride-free and fluoride-containing dentifrice on oral hygiene and number of leukocytes in the gingival fluid.

The number of leukocytes in the gingival exudate and the oral hygiene index during toothbrushing with a fluoride-free and fluoride-containing dentifrice was investigated in humans during a 3-month period. Significant correlations existed between the average number of leukocytes in the gingival exudate and the oral hygiene indices. The number of leukocytes increased significantly during the period of toothbrushing with the Fluoride dentifrice, whereas in the OHI no change was evident.

Dentifrices↗
PubMed1979

The prevalence of periodontal diseases iin urban Israeli youth (14-18 years of age).

The purpose of the present study was to obtain current information regarding periodontal diseases. The study was conducted in Israel among ninth to twelth grade students, 14 to 18 years of age, residing in Jerusalem, Tel Aviv and Ramat Gan. A total of 725 school children were examined. During the examination only periodontal status was checked. Periodontal status was recorded according to Russell's Periodontal Index (PI). The mean PI found was 0.52. The results indicate an increase in the mean PI with age. Significant difference was found in the mean PI values between girls and boys. Girls constantly scored lower mean PI values than boys. No significant differences were found in the mean PI scores when studied according to country of origin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

The effect of fluoride and strontium application on dentin: in vivo and in vitro studies.

The effectiveness of topical 2% sodium fluoride applied with and without 10% strontium chloride pretreatment was compared in patients complaining of tooth hypersensitivity. In addition the radiopacity of 2% sodium fluoride and 25% strontium chloride treated dentin was studied in vitro. Reduction of sensitivity to cold and mechanical stimuli was evaluated during a period of 3 months by pain scoring in the exposed cervical dentin of homologous teeth on the two sides of the jaws. There was a significant decrease in the sensitivity of the exposed cervical dentin after treatment with sodium fluoride solution with or without pretreatment with strontium chloride solution. At the end of the experimental period the combined strontium and fluoride treatment was found to be more effective than that of fluoride alone in reducing sensitivity to cold. The increase in radiodensity of dentin samples immersed in strontium chloride was statistically significant, while there was no significant increase in density for the samples immersed in sodium fluoride solutions. A mineralization process is possibly the effective means by which fluoride or strontium diminishes sensitivity of dentin.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Chlorhexide and fluoride in prevention of plaque and caries in hamsters.

The effect of combined administration of chlorhexidine and fluoride in the drinking water of hamsters on plaque and caries prevention was studied. Plaque indices of the hamsters receiving chlorhexidine either alone or simultaneously with fluoride were significantly lower than those of the control and fluoride only treated hamsters. The type of plaque indices used in this investigation was area scores. The necessity of quantitatively assessing plaque by several parameters was emphasized. The degrees of caries of the experimental groups were significantly lower than of the control group during the cariogenic diet regime. The anticariogenic effect of chlorhexidine and fluoride at low concentrations each provided simultaneously with a cariogenic diet, was confirmed. The differences in caries rate between the experimental groups were not significant. No additive effect on the cariostatic action of chlorhexidine and fluoride was observed when both reagents were applied simultaneously due probably to the low F concentration in the drinking water. The results did not show a direct quantitative relationship between plaque and caries.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Effect of fluoride on autogenous iliac cancellous bone and marrow transplants in surgically created intrabony pockets in dogs.

The effect of the osteogenic capacity of fluoride on autogenous iliac cancellous bone and marrow transplants was studied in experimentally created periodontal defects. Eight dogs, 2 years old, weighing between 10 to 15 kg each, were used. The right side of the upper jaw served for creation of the experimental (fluoride-treated) pockets and the left side for the control (saline-treated) pockets. Fluoride treatment was carried out by a single topical application of a high concentration of fluoride in the periodontal defects and by application of a low concentration of fluoride to the bone marrow transplants. Intraoral periapical radiographs were taken immediately after implantation, and at time of sacrifice. Changes during bone healing were assessed histologically and by radioopacity measurements. The newly formed bone in the control and fluoride-treated areas did not differ in quality. Radioopacity in the experimental defects was significantly higher in comparison with that found in the control areas. The increase was probably due to greater bone formation in the fluoride-treated defects. The difference decreased with the duration of the healing intervals. Cementum was deposited in both control and experimental sites.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1977

Effect of sodium fluoride rinsing on dental plaque accumulation.

1. Daily rinsing with water does not prevent plaque accumulation and leads to increased levels of gingival inflammation. 2. Toothbrushing or mouth rinsing with sodium fluoride alone decreases plaque accumulation and improves gingival health. 3. The combined method (toothbrushing and rinsing with sodium fluoride) is the most effective. Confirmation of the above results and conclusions requires additional experiments carried out over a longer period of time.

Adult↗