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Biomedical subjects

L Byrd

Publications and source records attributed to L Byrd.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

The interval from surgery to chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: To study the effect of the interval between surgery and the start of chemotherapy in the treatment of patients with advanced ovarian cancer. METHODS: We stratified patients according to the start of platinum-based chemotherapy in group 1 (within 4 weeks from surgery), group 2 (between 4 and 8 weeks) and group 3 (between 8 and 12 weeks). RESULTS: Three hundred and ninty-four stage III ovarian cancer patients were analysed. In the multivariate analysis there were no differences in survival according to the interval between surgery and chemotherapy among the three groups. The independent prognostic variables were type of procedure (p = 0.014), performance status (p = 0.040) and post-chemotherapy CA-125 (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The interval between surgery and chemotherapy does not affect outcome.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Evaluation of a geriatrics course emphasizing interdisciplinary issues for chiropractic students.

In 1998, the Iowa Geriatric Education Center (IGEC) was funded by the U.S. Health Resources and Services Administration Bureau of Health Professions. The role of the chiropractic institution participating as a partner in the IGEC was to develop and evaluate a model geriatrics course for chiropractic students emphasizing experiential learning and interdisciplinary issues. The evaluation assessed changes in the students' knowledge of geriatrics and their attitudes toward older adults and toward interdisciplinary issues. There were 197 students in the class. The alternate course was offered to 20 volunteers for the pilot test. Score changes from baseline to post-intervention were evaluated using the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test. Instruments were Facts on Aging Quiz (FAQ), Aging Semantics Differential (ASD), and Interdisciplinary Education Perception Scale (IEPS). Median scores improved by 12 percentage points on FAQ (p = 0.002), 18 points on the ASD (p = 0.007), and decreased by 15 points on the IEPS (p = 0.064). Integration of the course into the curriculum is being planned, and the evaluation scheme appears appropriate for other health professions, such as nursing, to use for evaluating interdisciplinary geriatrics courses for their students.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Self-esteem matters: racial & gender differences among rural southern adolescents.

Self-esteem does matter! It matters so much that Oprah dedicated an entire issue of "O" magazine to address the subject. "It's a woman's most treasured possession" (Winfrey, 2000a). Self-esteem has a profound influence on adolescent health promotion behaviors. This study contributes to understanding the role self-esteem plays in the behavior of adolescents. Utilizing a secondary data analysis, race and gender self-esteem differences among adolescents were investigated. The sample of 1,237 students (46% African-American and 52% White) from rural southern areas consisted of 744 females and 493 males. Self-esteem was assessed using the Miller Self-esteem Questionnaire (SEQ). The Hendricks Perceptual Health Promoting Determinants Model (HPHD) provided the theoretical framework for the study. The results of the study revealed a statistically significant difference in various aspects of self-esteem according to race and gender. African-Americans and males had a higher self-esteem which is consistent with many prior studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Outcome of pregnancy following renal transplantation.

Fertility is restored following renal transplantation, and the potential for motherhood can be realised. This retrospective study reviews the outcome of 53 pregnancies, in 24 patients, between 1988 and 1995. All patients underwent transplant surgery, and received antenatal care at a single centre. The mean age at first conception was 27.6 years, and graft function, as assessed by serum creatinine at the time of antenatal booking, was good. Patients were referred early, seen regularly, and had both obstetrician and nephrologist involved in management. The main maternal complication was hypertension, affecting 50% of patients. Seven patients had a worsening of pre-existing hypertension, whilst four patients developed hypertension for the first time during pregnancy. Graft function was, for the most part, well maintained. Four patients required delivery because of declining renal function, two of these went on to develop frank rejection, necessitating a return to dialysis within 3 months of delivery. These figures however are not higher than have been reported in the non-pregnant population. The overall pregnancy loss was 26%. There were a total of 39 live births. Premature birth was higher than that of the general population, with 57% of infants in the study delivering before 37 weeks' gestation (average 34 weeks' gestation) Of the 39 infants born alive 27% were growth retarded. Congenital abnormalities were, reassuringly, no higher than that in the general population, despite the need to take immunosuppressive drugs. Delivery was by caesarean section in 64% of cases, which may reflect a high degree of clinical caution in this group of patients. The study concludes that, whilst risks are recognised, for both the mother and infant, with a careful, multidisciplinary approach, the outcome is generally good.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

Use of complementary healthcare practices among chiropractors in the United States: a survey.

CONTEXT: Although chiropractic is the most commonly used complementary healthcare practice, chiropractors have not been surveyed in depth about their attitudes toward and practice of complementary and alternative therapies apart from spinal manipulation. OBJECTIVES: To examine attitudes among US chiropractors on the role of their profession in complementary healthcare and to gather data on the types of complementary healthcare practices chiropractors use. DESIGN: Descriptive, cross-sectional study using a mail-in survey. SETTING: United States. PARTICIPANTS: Random sample of US chiropractors stratified by zip code region. RESULTS: A total of 563 surveys were completed, for a response rate of 30%. Respondents were almost equally divided on their responses to the question "Do you feel that chiropractic should at the present time be termed 'complementary'?" Although many respondents (68%) believed that chiropractic was viewed as a therapeutic modality, more (82%) believed that it should be viewed as a complete system. The therapies most commonly used by respondents in their practice were acupressure (72%), massage (72%), mineral supplements (63%), and herbs (56%). CONCLUSION: The disparity between the established view of chiropractic as synonymous with spinal manipulation and the profession's view of chiropractic as a complete system indicates a need for better interprofessional communication.

Chiropractic↗
PubMed1991

Chronic multifocal osteomyelitis, a new recessive mutation on chromosome 18 of the mouse.

Mice with tail kinks and deformities in their lower extremities were observed in a litter of C.D2-Qa-2+N6F15 mice. A mutant line that exhibits this phenotype in 100% of its offspring was established by subsequent breeding. The abnormalities resembled to some degree those found in a human syndrome termed chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO). Accordingly, we name the new mutation chronic multifocal osteomyelitis (cmo). Breeding analysis showed that the defect was determined by a single autosomal recessive gene. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of progeny from a backcross between Mus musculus domesticus (CLA) and C.D2-Qa-(2+)-cmo/cmo indicated that the cmo gene resides on mouse Chromosome 18.

Animals↗