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Biomedical subjects

L C Wynne

Publications and source records attributed to L C Wynne.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

The natural histories of schizophrenic processes.

The natural history of schizophrenia cannot be studied directly, but nevertheless can be inferred and conceptualized as a frame of reference for examining the heterogeneity of the syndrome and for evaluating the impact of treatment, environment, and other factors influencing its course. Alternative diagnostic systems, including DSM-III, imply differing, largely unscrutinized concepts of the natural history and have generated skewed samples and noncomparable longitudinal data. The suggestion is made that sounder future research on the course of schizophrenia will focus upon component processes clustered, for example, in the enduring deficit syndrome.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed1987

The Finnish adoptive family study of schizophrenia.

A nationwide Finnish sample of index offspring given up for adoption by schizophrenic women has been compared blindly with matched controls, that is, adopted-away offspring of nonschizophrenic biologic parents. The adoptive families have been investigated directly by joint and individual interviews and psychological tests. Interviewing and testing of biologic parents is in progress. In the total sample, thus far examined, of 124 index offspring, 9 (7.3%) have become psychotic; of 147 control offspring, 2 (1.4%) have become psychotic.

Adoption↗
PubMed1987

University of Rochester Child and Family Study: risk research in progress.

The University of Rochester Child and Family Study (URCAFS) is a risk research program concerned with cross-sectional and developmental relationships among three areas: parental psychopathology and health, family system functioning and dysfunctioning, and child psychopathology and health. The preliminary findings indicate that both parental psychopathology and family variables predict significantly to independent measures of school functioning of index sons during their childhood and early adolescence. Although the offspring have not yet reached the age of major risk for schizophrenia, 52 percent of the families have one or more offspring either in psychiatric treatment or for whom treatment had been recommended.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Genetic and psychosocial factors in schizophrenia: the Finnish Adoptive Family Study.

A nationwide Finnish sample of schizophrenic mothers' offspring given up for adoption was compared blindly with matched controls (i.e., adopted-away offspring of nonschizophrenic biological parents). The offspring were born 1927-79. To date, a total of 247 adoptive families (112 index and 135 controls) have been investigated and rated. Of the 10 psychotic cases, 8 are offspring of schizophrenics and 2 are control offspring. However, no seriously disturbed offspring is found in a healthy or mildly disturbed adoptive family, and of those offspring who were psychotic or seriously disturbed, nearly all were reared in disturbed adoptive families. This supports the hypothesis that a possible genetic vulnerability has interacted with the adoptive rearing environment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Professional politics and the concepts of family therapy, family consultation, and systems consultation.

At a time when an increasing number of professionals are calling themselves "family therapists," many teachers and theorists in this field are troubled that the term "family therapy" no longer adequately characterizes the concepts or activities of the field. Recently, clinical, political, and economic circumstances have emerged that suggest the need for alternatives to the role of "family therapist." By adding the roles of family consultant and systems consultant, we can open up new options for ourselves and our clients. During initial contacts with families, agencies, and other professionals, we can heighten our therapeutic potential by proceeding with consultative stocktaking, not starting with therapy. Family consultation also can assist in redirecting therapy when a new problem or an impasse develops, in focusing on competency rather than on pathology, and in engaging constructively with families that have a physically or mentally ill member.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

A hostility measure for use in family contexts.

A modification of the Gottschalk-Gleser standardized instructions for eliciting speech samples was developed and tested in ongoing family studies. This modification, the Wynne-Gift technique, allows the interviewer to focus on the speaker's relationships with various family members. The usefulness and validity of the approach was assessed in a study of differences in attitudes toward the husband of 10 separated or divorced women as compared to the attitudes of 11 married women. Significant differences were found in the expected direction between mean hostility outward scores as well as hostility toward the spouse or ex-spouse of these two groups of women. The range of applications of this modification of eliciting speech samples is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Parental communication deviance and forms of thinking in male schizophrenic offspring.

In a step beyond earlier research on parental communication deviance (CD) and schizophrenia, more specific links between these phenomena were investigated. First, subtypes of schizophrenia were distinguished by amount of formal thought disorder, and two forms of parental CD--called the "disorganized" and the "evasive" types--were qualitatively distinguished. In a sample of young adult male patients, it was found that schizophrenics who manifested definite and severe formal thought disorder had parents with much CD in their speech (especially the disorganized type). In contrast, male paranoid schizophrenics with constricted forms of thinking had parents whose level of CD was lower (and was comparable to that of the parents of the nonschizophrenic controls). This suggests that parental CD may be better understood as specifically associated with cognitive disorganization in the offspring, rather than with overall DSM-III or DSM-II criteria for schizophrenia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

A revised decision tree for the DSM-III differential diagnosis of psychotic patients.

Clinician-researchers involved in developing DSM-III found that the decision tree for the differential diagnosis of psychotic features that appears in the manual does not accurately or clearly represent the logic of the classification. They present a revised decision tree that is more accurate, simpler, and clearer and that they believe will greatly facilitate the tree's use in teaching and clinical practice. A revised criterion for major depressive episode and manic episode (criterion C), which was published in the third and subsequent printings of DSM-III, is also discussed.

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMed1982

Parental communication deviance as a predictor of competence in children at risk for adult psychiatric disorder.

Measures of communication deviance derived from three different Rorschach situations were obtained from parents of 62 children vulnerable to future psychiatric disturbance. The families were maritally intact, with one parent having a history of previous psychiatric hospitalization and a male index child, 7 or 10 years of age. Amount of parental communication deviance in one situation was not significantly related to amount of communication deviance observed in another setting. However, mothers who exhibited high levels of communication deviance in both the Individual and Family Consensus situations tended to have offspring who were judged as low functioning in multiple settings, based on teacher ratings, peer ratings, and parental report. Conversely, children judged as high functioning in multiple settings had mothers who were free of high levels of communication deviance in both Rorschach situations.

Child↗
PubMed1981

Current concepts about schizophrenics and family relationships.

This review notes that two new series of studies of the family relationships of schizophrenics are now emerging. One approach, giving special emphasis to the concept of communication deviance, examines family relationships in prospective longitudinal studies of children and adolescents who are at increased risk for later psychopathology, including schizophrenia. A second approach studies expressed emotion of key relatives as a predictor of subsequent course of illness in persons who already have been diagnosed as schizophrenic. A considerable diversity of methods for studying family relationships are now available, some with patient absent and some with the family members observed indirect interaction with one another. Implications for pathogenesis and treatment are discussed, as well as methodological and substantive problems requiring further investigation.

Communication↗