PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

L Campbell

Publications and source records attributed to L Campbell.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Response of peripheral-blood mononuclear cells to glutamate decarboxylase in insulin-dependent diabetes.

Insulin-dependent diabetes is characterised by autoantibodies to several pancreatic-islet-cell antigens, including glutamate decarboxylase. We measured the proliferative responses to this antigen of peripheral-blood mononuclear cells from patients with newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetes, relatives of diabetic patients, and healthy controls. The likelihood of a positive response was substantially greater among the diabetic patients and relatives positive for islet-cell autoantibodies (ICA) than among subjects at low risk of diabetes (controls and ICA-negative relatives). Glutamate decarboxylase may have a pathogenetic role in insulin-dependent diabetes.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed1992

Prenatal diagnosis and investigation of a fetus with chondrodysplasia punctata, ichthyosis, and Kallmann syndrome due to an Xp deletion.

We report the prenatal diagnosis of a male fetus with X-linked recessive chondrodysplasia punctata (CDPX), steroid sulphatase (STS) deficiency, X-linked Kallmann syndrome (KAL), and a chromosome deletion at Xp22.31. Biochemical analysis of bone from this case indicates that CDPX is not a defect of vitamin K metabolism. Immunocytochemical study of the brain suggests that KAL is a defect in neuronal migration.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Memory accessibility and probability judgments: an experimental evaluation of the availability heuristic.

Consistent with Tversky and Kahneman's (1973, 1974) availability heuristic hypothesis, the current study found a negative correlation between recall latency for past events and the perceived future probability of similar events. Furthermore, when the relative accessibility of memories of positive and negative events was experimentally manipulated using the Velten mood-induction procedure, the perceived future probabilities of similar events also changed in a manner consistent with the availability heuristic account. Reductions in recall latencies resulting from the mood manipulations were, as predicted, related to increases in perceived probability, and vice versa. Partial correlations indicated that this association between the observed patterns of changes in recall latencies and probability judgments could not be accounted for by the existence of independent associations between each of these effects and the magnitude of mood change.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Development of T-cell leukaemia in an ataxia telangiectasia patient following clonal selection in t(X;14)-containing lymphocytes.

Ataxia telangiectasia is a rare inherited and progressive neurological disorder in which patients show an unusual predisposition to T-cell leukaemia. We report here observations on a patient with a large cytogenetically abnormal clone showing a single t(X;14)(q28;q11) translocation which conferred a proliferative advantage on the cells. The further evolution of this clone to cytogenetically more complex clones of lymphocytes was seen in the patient. She subsequently developed a rapidly progressing T-cell leukaemia, with a CD4+CD8+ T-cell phenotype, about five years after the first appearance of additional chromosome translocations in the clone cells.

Ataxia Telangiectasia↗
PubMed1991

Identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae using the Neisstrip rapid enzyme detection test.

A rapid enzyme activity strip test (Neisstrip, Lab M Ltd, Bury) was compared retrospectively with Phadebact Monoclonal GC coagglutination (Pharmacia Diagnostics, Uppsala, Sweden), cystine trypticase agar sugar utilisation (CTA), and Gonochek II (J W Turner, Liverpool) enzyme methods for identification of 95 Neisseria spp and related species. These had been previously identified using standard methods and included 29 that had given aberrant results. Neisstrip identified correctly all but two, including nine incorrectly identified by Phadebact and 18 erroneously identified using CTA sugars. Results were similar to those obtained with Gonochek II. After this a prospective study was performed testing 400 oxidase positive isolates derived from clinical samples cultured on gonococcal selective medium. Two organisms, both Moraxella spp, were incorrectly identified as N gonorrhoeae by the Neisstrip. The superoxol test, when used with either the Phadebact or Neisstrip tests, maintained 100% sensitivity and specificity. The Neisstrip is a rapid, economic test that is accurate and easy to interpret. It may be used alone or in conjunction with a superoxol test or a coagglutination test, which is relatively accurate but more expensive, and found by some technical staff to be more difficult to interpret.

Aminopeptidases↗
PubMed1991

Changing patterns in the workload of a district HIV/AIDS counselling unit 1987-90.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the changing workload of an HIV/AIDS counselling unit between 1987 and 1990. DESIGN: Retrospective examination of data collected by the HIV/AIDS counselling unit between 1987-90 on the number of counselling sessions with patients, family members and staff. SETTING: An HIV/AIDS counselling unit established in 1987 in a London teaching hospital. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Number of new referrals to the HIV/AIDS counselling unit and the number of follow-up sessions. Number of counselling sessions with family members, hospital staff and people making telephone contact with the unit. RESULTS: New referrals to the HIV/AIDS counselling unit increased from 117 (1987-88) to 926 (1989-90). Follow-up appointments increased from 403 to 2016 in the same period. Telephone counselling sessions increased five-fold, and counselling sessions with family members nearly ten-fold over the three year period. Staff consultations doubled. CONCLUSION: The increase in the HIV/AIDS counselling unit's workload may be partly attributable to the rising incidence of AIDS in the community, reflecting earlier patterns of HIV infection. In addition, new HIV/AIDS services were developed in the hospital between 1987 and 1990. These included the establishment of a same-day HIV test and result clinic; integrated management of patients with HIV/AIDS, with an emphasis on early intervention in HIV infection; specialist services for families, antenatal clinic attenders and others affected by HIV; and the appointment of a designated HIV/AIDS consultant. New approaches to counselling and training health care providers in counselling skills will assume increasing importance in meeting future demand for HIV/AIDS counselling.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMed1991

Assessing schizophrenia in adults with mental retardation. A comparative study.

Twenty-five patients with mild mental retardation were compared with 26 schizophrenic patients of normal intelligence. The patients with retardation had suffered an earlier onset and were less likely to have been married or employed. However, the clinical phenomena exhibited by the two groups, as elicited by a SADS-L interview, were very similar. Thus, standardised interviews and criteria for schizophrenia can be readily applied to those with an IQ between 50 and 70.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The impact of pulmonary infections on the survival of lung cancer patients.

To determine the impact of pulmonary infections on survival in patients with lung cancer, a retrospective review of the records of 121 such patients treated at Howard University Hospital in Washington, DC, was done. There were 77 men and 44 women; 118 were black. The mean age was 63.5 years. Forty-three patients had squamous cell carcinoma, 31 had adenocarcinoma, 18 had large cell carcinoma, 19 had small cell carcinoma, and ten were unclassified. The stages were as follows: two patients in Stage 0, 15 in Stage I, seven in Stage II, 45 in Stage III, and 44 in Stage IV. Eight patients could not be staged at diagnosis. Eighty-five patients (70%) had documented infections; 37 had single episodes; and 48 had more than one. The five most common organisms recovered were alpha/gamma streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The median survival of all infected patients was 4.2 months which was significantly shorter than that of uninfected patients who had a median survival of 12.9 months (P less than 0.05). When Stage III patients were analyzed separately, infected patients lived a median of 5.8 months and uninfected patients, 13.4 months (P less than 0.05). This study indicated that pulmonary infections frequently occur in patients with lung cancer and suggested that they may adversely affect survival.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1990

Personality and symptom dimensions of the MCMI-II: an item factor analysis.

The self-reports of a sample of 248 male psychiatric patients on the MCMI-II (Millon, 1987) were factor analyzed at the item level. Principal components analyses with both Varimax and Direct Oblimin rotations were carried out separately on 120 personality disorder items and 51 clinical symptom items. As judged by the scree test, seven factors accounted for the personality disorder items, and five factors accounted for the symptom items. The personality disorder factors were interpreted as Schizotypal, Social Introversion vs. Extraversion, Conformity, Submissive vs. Aggressive, Antisocial, Narcissism, and Hostile Aggression. The symptom factors were hypothesized to represent Depression/Anxiety, Alcohol Dependence, Suicidal Ideation, Hypomania, and Drug Dependence. Agreement with a similar analysis of the MCMI-I was close.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The impact of volume on outcome in seriously injured trauma patients: two years' experience of the Chicago Trauma System.

The American College of Surgeons has stated that in considering the development of trauma systems it is important to ensure an appropriate volume of seriously injured patients be seen by each trauma center in order to achieve acceptable mortality rates. Clinical data supporting this recommendation are lacking. An analysis was performed on 1,643 seriously injured trauma patients to determine the relationship between volume and mortality rates. Three separate statistical methods were used: Pearson correlation coefficients, mortality odds ratios, and direct pairwise mortality comparisons. In addition, Tobit analysis was introduced as a method to analyze the relationship between volume and mortality. Mortality rates were adjusted for the confounding variable of serious head injury. Pearson correlation coefficients for volume vs. adjusted mortality was -0.65. Mortality odds ratios comparing the low-volume (less than 140 pts) trauma centers vs. the high-volume (greater than 200 pts) trauma centers was 1.3 for adjusted mortality rates (95% CI = 1.01-1.66; p = 0.04). Categorical analysis showed significantly different mortality rates in the centers before and after adjusting for patient mix. Tobit analysis showed the relationship between volume and mortality to be significant, accounting for 30-40% of the observed variation in mortality rates. In addition, Tobit analysis allowed construction of a model to predict mortality rates, given specific volumes of patients. Our data suggest that an inverse relationship exists between volume and mortality, and support the necessity of configuring trauma systems in a manner that will ensure designated trauma centers will see a high volume of seriously injured patients.

Adult↗