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Biomedical subjects

L Cardozo

Publications and source records attributed to L Cardozo.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Growth of the normal human lower urinary tract from 12 to 21 weeks gestation.

Normal development of the human lower urinary tract was studied between the 14th and 20th week of gestation using 3 modes of fixation. Fixation by direct distension provides a high degree of reproducibility of parameters used to study the growth of the fetal bladder. Using this method, fetuses ranging from 12 to 21 weeks gestation were studied. Results obtained demonstrate that the length of the bladder, the inter-ureteric distance, and the distance between the apex of the trigone and the distal tip of the urethra occur in a linear mode. Furthermore, the rate of growth of the male urethra was evidently higher when compared to that of the female from the 12th week of gestation. Data from this work can be used for a more accurate assessment of cases with abnormal lower urinary tract development.

Female↗
PubMed1991

Racial differences in drug response: isoproterenol effects before and after propranolol.

The aim of this study was to determine in young, healthy men the relative contribution of pharmacodynamic factors inherent between two groups known to respond differently to hypertensive therapy. Black (n = 10) and white (n = 10) men received an isoproterenol sensitivity test before and after propranolol (0.1 mg/kg, then 50 micrograms/min). There were greater increases (twofold) in systolic BP following the 1.0- and 1.5-microgram isoproterenol dose (P less than 0.05) in the black group. During propranolol there were no differences in free (1)-propranolol concentrations between the groups; however, propranolol decreased resting heart rate in the white group more than in the black group (P less than 0.05). Cardiac index decreased less in the black group compared to the white group (P less than 0.05). Following the second isoproterenol challenge, there again were greater increases in systolic BP in the black group at both the 10- and the 20-micrograms isoproterenol dose (P less than 0.05). Our study has highlighted the importance of cross-racial studies in evaluating drug effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Urethral pressures: analysis of transmission pressure ratios.

Transmission pressure ratio (TPR) analysis of urethral pressure profilometry data has been advocated for the diagnosis of genuine stress incontinence (GSI). However, the clinical usefulness of the technique has not been adequately evaluated. Using videourodynamics as the gold standard, the TPR results of 150 continent women and 153 with GSI have been compared. The mean TPR for each quartile of the functional urethral length was computed, as was the maximum TPR value (TPR-max) and the position on the urethra where it occurred (TPR-mode). There was a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups for TPR values in the distal 2 quartiles of the urethra and for TPR-max and TPR-mode. With the use of the Kappa statistic it was found that the TPR-mode was the most discriminatory of the TPR parameters. Even using this measure, the overlap between normal and GSI was so great as to make accurate diagnosis impossible. It was therefore concluded that TPR analysis is useless for the diagnosis of GSI. However, such an analysis is helpful for the understanding of the pathophysiology of GSI and its treatment.

Cough↗
PubMed1991

Symptoms analysis for the diagnosis of genuine stress incontinence.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the accuracy of an analysis of symptoms alone for the diagnosis of genuine stress incontinence. DESIGN: A comparison of results of symptoms analysis with urodynamic findings. SETTING: A gynaecological video-urodynamic unit. SUBJECTS: 252 consecutive patients referred for urodynamic investigations. INTERVENTIONS: A questionnaire of 20 symptoms of lower urinary tract dysfunction, midstream specimen of urine, pad testing, uroflowmetry, and video-cystourethrography. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Using the urodynamic diagnosis as the 'gold standard', the accuracy of discriminant function analysis of symptoms was determined. RESULTS: Symptoms analysis achieved a correct classification of 81% with a false positive rate of 16%. Use of an accumulative probability curve defines patients who fall into the equivocal range. CONCLUSIONS: All women presenting with incontinence should undergo preoperative urodynamic studies.

Female↗
PubMed1991

Urge incontinence and stress incontinence.

Urinary incontinence remains a common problem that adversely affects the quality of life of millions of women. In detrusor instability, treatment measures often lack efficacy or are accompanied by unacceptable side effects. In this review, standard treatments are discussed, together with recent pharmacologic advances and the introduction of newer techniques including maximal electrical stimulation. The nonsurgical treatment options currently available for genuine stress incontinence are considered in the light of recent advances.

Female↗
PubMed1990

Quinidine does not alter antipyrine metabolism.

Quinidine has been reported to be a potent inhibitor of a specific isozyme of cytochrome P-450 (P-450db 1) that is responsible for the metabolism of a select group of drugs. In order to investigate the potential for quinidine to inhibit other isozymes of cytochrome P-450 and to assess whether or not P-450db 1 plays any role in antipyrine metabolism, we studied the effects of quinidine pretreatment on the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of antipyrine in six healthy, male volunteers. Using a randomized, crossover study design with a 2-week washout period between treatments, subjects received a single 1 gram antipyrine dose alone or with quinidine sulfate 200 mg orally every 8 hours for 24 hours prior to the dose of antipyrine and over the 48 hours following antipyrine administration. Mean serum concentrations, apparent oral clearance (1.93 +/- 0.86 vs 2.06 +/- 1.06 L/hr with quinidine) and half-life (13.5 +/- 3.3 vs 12.4 +/- 3.6 hr with quinidine) were not significantly different between the two treatments. The fraction of the administered dose recovered as antipyrine and measured metabolites (56.7% vs 59% with quinidine) as well as the recovery of each individual metabolite was not altered with quinidine pretreatment. In addition, the mean formation clearances for norantipyrine, 4-hydroxyantipyrine and 3-hydroxymethylantipyrine exhibited no change between treatment phases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Oxytocin in active-phase abnormalities of labor: a randomized study.

Seven hundred fifty-nine of 926 women in abnormal labor (82%) were entered into an open randomized trial to compare the effects of oxytocin and saline. Patients were classified as having either primary dysfunctional labor or secondary arrest of cervical dilatation. The end points chosen were an increase in the rate of cervical dilatation or a change in cervical dilatation. Patients who failed to respond to the initial solution were crossed over to the other solution. Oxytocin was significantly superior to saline in treating both labor abnormalities. Administration of oxytocin did not increase the need for cesarean delivery for fetal distress.

Cesarean Section↗
PubMed1989

Racial differences in drug response: isoproterenol effects on heart rate in healthy males.

It was the purpose of this study to investigate racial alterations in beta-adrenoceptor response. Two groups of healthy, male volunteers gave their consent. There were eight black Americans (mean age, 26.1 +/- 2.5 years) and eight white/Caucasian Americans (mean age 24.4 +/- 1.8 years). Each subject underwent an isoproterenol sensitivity test. There was a significant (P less than 0.05) decrease in the ratio of Emax to ED50 in the white group (25.3 +/- 6.4) compared with the black group (37.1 +/- 12.4). Over the dose range of 0.1 to 1.0 micrograms there was a significant increase in response at both the 0.25- and the 0.5-microgram dose (P less than 0.05), with the black American group appearing to respond with a greater rate of rise in heart rate following the initial doses.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Racial differences in drug response: isoproterenol effects on heart rate following intravenous metoprolol.

Healthy young black men and white men received single intravenous doses of metoprolol (0.07 mg/kg) or participated in an isoproterenol sensitivity study before and after metoprolol (0.07 mg/kg followed by 50 micrograms/min) in a randomized, crossed-over fashion. Noncompartmental pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. The dose of isoproterenol versus change in heart rate response curves were constructed, and comparisons of dose ratio, ED50, Emax, and Ka, with the apparent association constant for metoprolol binding to beta 1-receptors, were made. There were no pharmacokinetic differences observed between the groups. The predicted Emax for the black group was 52.7 +/- 8.7 beats/min at a metoprolol concentration of 29.8 +/- 6.1 ng/ml, which was higher (p less than 0.05) than that in the white group, i.e., 43.7 +/- 7.3 beats/min at a concentration of 27.6 +/- 9.1 ng/ml. There were no differences in dose ratio, ED50, or Ka. The racial differences in beta 1-receptor responses to exogenous isoproterenol following metoprolol can simply be explained by an increase in beta 1-receptor activity in the black subjects, assuming homogeneity in cardiac beta 2-receptor responses.

Adult↗