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Biomedical subjects

L Cerný

Publications and source records attributed to L Cerný.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Incidence of allergic reactions in small flocks of poultry and the pathogenesis of avian mycobacteriosis in domestic fowl].

Incidence of allergic reactions to avian tuberculin was investigated in 12,549 birds of the domestic fowl in the territory of one district, in 16 villages and in 721 small flocks. The reactions were found in 7.3% of birds and 35.5% flocks were infected. The zero reactions to tuberculin were observed only in one village out of the 16 villages investigated. Experimental infection confirmed high susceptibility of the domestic fowl to M. avium. After intramuscular implantation of M. avium suspension allergy to avian tuberculin was observed within a fortnight while within the same period histological lesions were found in muscle at the spot of puncture, in liver and spleen. Macroscopic lesions at the spot of puncture and in liver appeared in 21 days, and miliary tuberculosis of liver and spleen was detected almost regularly since day 28. Cultivation demonstrated mycobacteria in all the organs and tissues examined except the intestine in 12 days after infection. After peroral infection tuberculin allergy was observed in 106 days. Histological lesions were found in spleen in 49 days, as well as in liver, lungs and intestines in 96 days. Macroscopic lesions occurred in liver, spleen, lungs and intestine in 106 days. Small numbers of mycobacteria were isolated from various organs and tissues in 36 days after infection, and also from the intestine in 160 days. After infection by contacts with the tuberculous fowl tuberculin allergy appeared in 157 days. The first tuberculous lesions appeared in liver in 106 days, in spleen and intestine in 180 days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Epizootiology and pathogenesis of avian mycobacteriosis in the field rook (Corvus frugilegus)].

The occurrence of avian mycobacteriosis in the rook (C. frugilegus) was investigated in the years 1966-1985. A total of 188 birds captured at three localities of the Czech Republic were subjected to patho-morphological examination and to culture examination. Patho-anatomic lesions were observed in five rooks (2.6%), M. avium was isolated from 10 rooks (5.3%). Positive findings occurred in each examined locality. Rook sensitivity to M. avium infection was tested by experimental infections. After intramuscular infection with M. avium suspension macroscopic tuberculosis lesions were found out at the place of puncture, histological lesions in liver and spleen at the beginning of the trial (days 12-35). Mycobacteria were isolated from particular organs and tissues, more frequently at the beginning of the trial. Peroral infection by feed contaminated with liver of tuberculous fowl failed to induce tuberculous lesions, while a proof of M. avium from the organs was the only one after 157 days. The contact of the rook with the tuberculous fowl did not lead to the origin of tuberculous lesions after 238 days nor were the mycobacteria proved in the rook tissues. In comparison with e.g. the house sparrow, tree sparrow and pheasant, the rook is very resistant to M. avium infection according to the results of experimental infections. A relatively frequent occurrence of tuberculous processes or of mycobacteria in the rook captured in the open area is probably conditioned by a possibility of repeated, frequent contacts of the rook with the contaminated environment during its longer life.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Can carrots be addictive? An extraordinary form of drug dependence.

The paper describes three cases of dependence on carotenoids with typical symptoms of irritability and nervousness accompanying their abstinence, with a long-term dependence, and an inability to simply discontinue. Three patients (a man and two women) all being smokers, evaluated this dependence as very similar to that on tobacco. The limitation of further use had the same effect in both cases. The women evaluate the dependence as stronger than that on cigarettes, the man as somewhat weaker. The former patient--a woman--even relapsed, and recently found herself in danger of further relapse. This, however, she nipped in the bud. Laboratory enzyme examinations revealed a disorder in the enzymatic outfit affecting the auto-immunity and the neurovegetative system.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Tuberculosis of the cervico-facial lymph nodes in childhood].

The authors proved a tuberculosis origin of lymphadenitis of the cervicofacial area in 16 of 63 children operated on account of this suspected diagnosis. In all instances it was verified by bioptic examination of the removed lymph nodes. However, in no instance acid resistant rods were detected in the microscopic sections. Only in two bacteriological evidence was provided of the presence of mycobacteria tuberculosis in the preoperative punctate from colliquated lymph nodes but not in material obtained from the nodes. The attempt at typing of the causative agent was, however, not successful. In the submitted work the authors paid attention to some aspects of this disease in children, its problems in the area of the parotid gland.

Child↗
PubMed1990

[Chondromas of the paranasal sinuses].

The author describes rare chondromas of the paranasal sinuses in two female patients. In a younger woman a third relapse of chondroma in the olfactory labyrinth on the left was involved where the disease persisted for 31 years. The tumour spread to the orbit and intracranium and was therefore removed by frontal craniotomy. In the older patient the tumour grew cca 15 years. It blocked both nasal apertures and spread to all paranasal sinuses and the nasopharynx. It was removed from both sides, using the approach from right-sided lateral rhinotomy. It was not possible to locate exactly the site of origin in either patient. The tumours were benign and in the first case grew from the borderline between the ethmoid bone and the upper jaw. In the second patient most probably from the basophenoidal area. The author draws attention on the uncertain biological nature of chondromas at this site and the importance of total resection of the tumour during the first operation for the prognosis of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Preauricular fistulae].

Preauricular fistulae and their relapses are not exceptional in ENT practice. Simple topographic and anatomical relations in this area tempt us to underrate the surgical risk which is mainly the danger of incomplete removal and subsequent relapses. The elimination of nonidentifiable remnants of branchiomas in the granulation and scar tissue calls for resection extending to sound neighbouring structures which require more pretentious knowledge of clinical and anatomical conditions in this region. The authors operated successfully during the past 10 years 10 preauricular fistulae (primary operations) and two relapses. They outline the principles of surgery which were formulated with regard to their own experience, data in the literature and based on the most recent embryological findings; they emphasize preventive aspects of surgical treatment of preauricular fistulae.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[The importance of CT examination in the diagnosis and therapy of rhino-otogenic intracranial complications].

Computed tomography in the diagnosis of rhino-otogenic intracranial inflammatory complications made it possible to reduce significantly the morbidity and mortality. It provides more reliable information, than hitherto used pretentious and invasive methods, on the development of inflammatory foci, the dynamics of their development, localization and extent. In correlation with the clinical course and laboratory findings it makes it possible to select an optimal time for operation and to select an optimal surgical approach, or in exceptional instances a conservative procedure. However, false negative findings may also be encountered. In those instances, with regard to the course and symptomatology of these complications, CT must be repeated or another diagnostic method must be selected.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Mode of ACTH antipyretic action.

The method of intestinal cooling was used to analyze the effect of centrally administered ACTH in microgram quantities on hypothalamic centers regulating activity of thermoregulatory outputs (cold thermogenesis--CT, peripheral vasomotor tone--PVMT, respiratory evaporative heat loss--REHL). ACTH, when injected into the supraoptic area of the anterior hypothalamus of normal rabbits, had no significant effect on body temperature control. Intrahypothalamic administration of ACTH during the early phase of the fever, induced by intravenous injection of exogenous pyrogen, evoked dissociation of temperature thresholds for cold and warm defence, shifting the threshold for induction of cold thermogenesis to lower central temperatures. The thermosensitivity of centers controlling cold thermogenesis was lowered and the maximal values of cold thermogenesis were depressed to about 30% of those in control rabbits. Central administration of ACTH in the late phase of the fever (120 min after IV injection of endotoxin) induced a smaller effect than in the early phase of the fever--the downward shift of the temperature threshold for cold thermogenesis was less evident and the thermosensitivity of the controller remained unchanged. The changes in activity of thermoregulatory centers that occurred after ACTH in febrile rabbits correspond to those observed in the late phase of the fever in ACTH-untreated rabbits. It is suggested therefore, that the presumed increase in ACTH production during fever might represent a negative feed-back mechanism contributing to the termination of the febrile state.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1987

Thermoregulation of the rabbit during the late phase of endotoxin fever.

In the late phase of the fever occurring 120 or more min after i.v. injection of endotoxin (1 microgram/kg) to female rabbits, marked shifts of thresholds for respiratory evaporative heat loss and for peripheral vasodilatation to higher body core temperatures were observed. In contrast, the threshold body core temperature for cold thermogenesis was shifted downwards. As a result, the interthreshold zone was widened. Within the body temperature range of 37.4 to 39.9 degrees C neither heat production or heat loss mechanisms were operant and the body temperature was determined mainly by passive heat transfer between the body and the environment. Outside this zone, the sensitivities of the heat and cold defence activities to changes in body core temperature appeared to be unchanged.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Experimental transmission of the bovine leukaemia virus genome by cell contact.

Bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) propagated in a cell clone of foetal lamb kidney cells was transmitted by cell contact to bovine and ovine embryo cells derived from different organs. The transmission of the BLV genome was effectively achieved by cocultivation of mitomycin C-killed, virus-productive cells of the cell clone with embryo cells or by cell fusion. Infection of the same embryo cells by the virus was less effective. The transmission of BLV genome from nonproducer cells by the same procedure only exceptionally succeeded. The donor cells contained 3 integrated BLV proviruses. In the cells with transmitted BLV genome one provirus was found only. The majority of cells contained both unintegrated and integrated BLV provirus. In the cells containing the transmitted BLV, the virus genome was expressed to its protein products, some cells produced virus particles and reverse transcriptase activity into the medium. The implications of these findings are discussed with regard to biological and molecular properties of the retrovirus family to which the BLV belongs.

Animals↗