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L Choudat

Publications and source records attributed to L Choudat.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Human Pasteurella multocida infections. Value of serological diagnosis].

In five human cases of Pasteurella multocida infection, high titres of specific antibodies were found by indirect haemagglutination (capsular antigens) and agglutination (somatic antigens). The specificity of the antibodies fitted with the serotypes of the isolated strains (three A 3 and two A 7). Subsequent changes in antibody titres in human beings were similar to those observed in animals. The risk of this animal-acquired infection being probably underestimated in medical practice, the usefulness of these tests in human beings is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Carbamazepine-induced acute cholangitis.

We report the case of a patient with carbamazepine-induced cholestasis in whom histologic examination showed acute cholangitis. This type of lesion broadens the spectrum of carbamazepine-induced liver injury which also includes granuloma and hepatocellular necrosis. Its association with marked hypereosinophilia suggests that carbamazepine may cause acute cholangitis through an immunoallergic mechanism.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Specific antibody response to Pasteurella multocida.

Six patients with culturally proven Pasteurella multocida infection were evaluated serologically. The infections were 1 foot abscess, 1 septicemia, 3 bronchitis and 1 bronchopneumonia. Most of them were elderly women closely exposed to pets or domestic animals. The serotypes of the strains were determined in 5 cases (3 A3, 2 A7). Specific antibodies against capsular and somatic antigens of P. multocida were determined by indirect hemagglutination and agglutination respectively. The antibodies were strictly directed against the capsular and somatic specificities of the isolated strain. The range of the serum antibody titers were 20 to 2,560 to capsular antigens and 5 to 640 to somatic antigens within 2 weeks after the first clinical signs of infection. Several months after successful treatment, the capsular antibodies were lower while the somatic antibodies had almost disappeared. These findings suggest a good sensitivity for these serologic methods in active cases. Declining antibody titers follow healing. Cross-reactivity of the serologic tests with other bacteria was not observed. Serologic diagnosis of P. multocida infections is a possible alternative to direct diagnosis when cultures are negative or when unusual localizations must be confirmed.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Consequences of renal morphologic damage induced by inhibition of converting enzyme in rat renovascular hypertension.

The consequences of morphologic changes in the kidney distal to a stenosis induced by chronic administration of a converting enzyme inhibitor were determined after induction of experimental renovascular hypertension in rats. The relationship between changes in morphology in the clipped kidney and diuresis, creatinine, and mortality was studied by converting a two-kidney, one-clip model into a one-kidney, one-clip model after 1 month of converting enzyme inhibition. The right renal artery was constricted with a clip of 0.2 mm diameter to increase blood pressure, the left kidney was left untouched. After 1 month, systolic blood pressure had increased to 173 +/- 27 mm Hg in the clipped animals (n = 47) compared with 139 +/- 8 mm Hg in sham-operated animals (n = 15; group 1). An inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme, MK421 (2 mg/kg, po), or an equivalent volume of vehicle was then administered daily for 1 month. After treatment with the converting enzyme inhibitor, blood pressure (148 +/- 28 mm Hg) was virtually identical with that of a sham-operated, vehicle-treated control group (145 +/- 16 mm Hg, n = 15), and was significantly lower than that of untreated hypertensive rats (186 +/- 30 mm Hg, n = 17) (group 2). The weight of the left kidney was increased in the untreated hypertensive animals as compared with sham-operated controls (1260 +/- 168 mg for group 2 versus 1075 +/- 100 mg for group 1). After treatment with MK421, the weight of the contralateral kidney (1472 +/- 190 mg) was further increased. After 1 month of treatment with MK421 or vehicle, the unclipped left kidney was removed from all animals. The treated animals were then randomly divided into two groups: one in which treatment with MK421 was stopped (treated/untreated, n = 24; group 3) and a second in which the treatment was continued (treated/treated, n = 23; group 4). The ability of the rats to excrete a water load of 15 ml was then examined 12 hours after removal of the unclipped left kidney. In the two groups of treated rats, the urinary excretion of the water load was decreased and frequency of oliguria was increased as compared with controls and hypertensive untreated rats. Survival rates were affected by the treatment: 3 deaths occurred in the hypertensive untreated group 2, 10 in the treated/untreated group 3, and 12 in the treated/treated group 4. The majority of these deaths could be attributed to renal insufficiency.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Effects of antihypertensive treatment in one-clip, two kidney hypertension in rats.

In order to investigate the consequences of antihypertensive therapy on hormonal and renal parameters in one-clip, two kidney renovascular hypertension, we compared the effects of converting enzyme inhibition (CEI) with those of tripletherapy (clonidine, dihydralazine and furosemide) in this experimental model in rats. The treatment period was initiated four weeks after application of the clip and was continued for five weeks. In plasma, renin was increased and renin substrate was negatively correlated to plasma renin. Hypertension was associated with activation of the renin angiotensin system in both plasma and kidney. The degree of activation of the renin-angiotensin system in the clipped kidney and its suppression in the unclipped kidney was evaluated by two methods, renal renin content and semi-quantification of juxtaglomerular hyperplasia by immunofluorescent renin. These two methods were correlated. During the treatment period, average systolic blood pressure was 144 +/- 13 mmHg in the CEI treated group (HT1) which was not significantly different from the value found in the sham-operated group (139 +/- 4 mmHg; C2). Blood pressure, however, was lowered only to 173 +/- 18 mmHg in the group treated with tripletherapy (HT2). In control hypertensive animals, the wt of the clipped kidney did not decrease whereas significant hypertrophy was present in the unclipped kidney. Tripletherapy did not alter this relationship, whereas converting enzyme inhibition decreased kidney wt in the clipped kidney and increased further the hypertrophy of the contralateral unclipped kidney. A histological examination revealed that hypertensive microangiopathy was a predominant feature in the unclipped kidney of the untreated hypertensive group and of the group treated with tripletherapy, these lesions were completely absent in the CEI treated group. In the CEI treated group, however, ischemic lesions during this treatment were found to be decreased in the contralateral unclipped kidney and increased in the clipped kidney by comparison with untreated hypertensive rats. These renal lesions observed in the clipped kidney were most likely related to the normalization of blood pressure or to a disturbance of intrarenal mechanisms normally mediated by the renin-angiotensin system during stenosis of a renal artery.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗
PubMed1986

[Histopathology of cutaneous lesions].

Kaposi's sarcoma in AIDS syndrome differs in many ways from the typical nodular lesions observed in older patients. Clinical lesions are usually multiple with no predilection for the lower extremities; they usually present as small macules or patches with little or no infiltration, pink rather than deeply violaceous; indeed their clinical recognition may be difficult. Histological features of early patches of Kaposi are subtle: they are not as obvious as in well-developed nodular lesions: however certain precise clues exist which permit a correct diagnosis to be made.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sepsis due to Clostridium perfringens after pregnancy termination with feticide by cordocentesis: a case report.

We report a case of sepsis due to Clostridium perfringens after termination of pregnancy at 22 weeks with feticide by cordocentesis. Three weeks earlier, the 41-year-old patient had undergone an amniocentesis and a full trisomy 13 karyotype had been discovered. Feticide was performed by injection of thiopental and potassium chloride after percutaneous umbilical foetal blood sampling through the same needle. The patient delivered vaginally with signs of chorioamnionitis and septicaemia. She recovered under broad-spectrum antibiotherapy. C. perfringens was present in maternal blood cultures, placental smears and foetal organs. We discuss the possible mechanisms of infection by C. perfringens, including inoculation of intestinal germs.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pressor responses of rat isolated tail arteries to contractile stimulation after methylene blue treatment: effect of adventitial versus intimal entry.

To test the hypothesis that drug entry site (intimal vs. adventitial surface) may be an important determinant of methylene blue (MB) action on vascular reactivity to contractile stimulation, we used preparations of rat isolated tail arteries perfused at constant flow (2 ml/min). Perfusion pressure changes reflecting vascular responses to cumulative addition of phenylephrine (PE) or dopamine (DOP) were recorded before and after MB addition (2.5 x 10(-4) M final concentration) at the intimal or adventitial surface. Intraluminal addition of MB resulted in strong potentiation of subsequent responses to intimal contractile stimulation using PE or DOP. This effect was not observed when MB was added at the adventitial surface. These results suggest that drug entry site is an important determinant of MB action on vascular responsiveness in the rat tail artery and might account for the divergent results in the literature on the vascular action of MB.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Intraductal mucinous tumor of the pancreas: report of a clinical case].

A 49-year-old diabetic patient with abdominal pain was found at ultrasonography and computed tomography to have a cystic mass in the head of the pancreas with dilatation of the main pancreatic duct. The head of the pancreas and the duodenum were removed surgically. Examination of the operative specimen showed chronic pancreatitis, dilatation of the main pancreatic duct, and impacted mucus in the secondary ducts with villous proliferation of the ductal epithelium, thus allowing a diagnosis of intraductal adenomatosis. There was no evidence of malignancy. The resection margin was involved, and consequently the remainder of the pancreas was removed six months after the initial surgical procedure. A review of the literature showed that intraductal adenomatosis tends to spread and carries a high risk of malignant transformation. Surgery is required because of the risk of pancreatic duct obstruction and pancreatic cancer. Intraductal papillary tumour of the pancreas shares many characteristic with other adenomatous proliferation of the gastrointestinal tract (colorectal villous adenoma, bile duct adenomatosis) including the presence of villous structures with increased mucus production, a tendency to spread massively, and a high risk of malignant transformation.

Cystadenoma, Mucinous↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The value of rectosigmoidoscopy and the bacteriologic culture of colon biopsies in the etiologic diagnosis of acute diarrhea of adults. A prospective study of 65 patients].

The goal of this study was to evaluate the contribution of sigmoidoscopy with bioptic microbiology to the etiologic diagnosis of acute diarrhea in adults. Patients and methods. Sixty-five patients with acute diarrhea were included prospectively from February 1993 to November 1994. Ages ranged from 17 to 83 years. In each patient, two stool samples were cultured and three examined for parasites. Clostridium difficile toxin was looked for in the 18 patients who had taken antimicrobials before onset of the diarrhea. Sigmoidoscopy with collection of biopsy specimens for bacteriologic cultures was performed routinely. Results. A pathogenic organism was identified in 35 patients (54%). Eighteen patients (28%) had positive stool cultures. Clostridium difficile toxin was detected in six patients. Colonic biopsy cultures were positive in 26 patients (40%). Endoscopic findings established the diagnosis of pseudomembranous colitis with negative tests for C. difficile toxin in two patients, diverticulitis in one, ischemic colitis in two, and cryptogenic colitis in seven. Conclusions. Sigmoidoscopy ensured the diagnosis in over 72% of cases of acute diarrhea. This investigation complements stool cultures and should be done routinely in adults with severe acute diarrhea.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Intraductal pancreatic adenomatosis. Apropos of a new case].

A 49-year-old diabetic patient with abdominal pain was found upon ultrasonography and computed tomography to have a cystic mass in the head of the pancreas with dilation of the main pancreatic duct. The head of the pancreas and duodenum were removed surgically. Examination of the operative specimen showed chronic pancreatitis, dilation of the main pancreatic duct, and impacted mucus in the secondary ducts with villous proliferation of the ductal epithelium, establishing the diagnosis of intraductal adenomatosis. There was no evidence of malignancy. The resection margin was involved, and consequently the remainder of the pancreas was removed six months after the initial surgical procedure. A review of the literature showed that intraductal adenomatosis tends to spread and carries a high risk of malignant transformation. Surgery is required because of the risk of pancreatic duct obstruction and pancreatic cancer. Intraductal adenomatosis of the pancreas shares many characteristics with other adenomatous proliferations of the gastrointestinal tract (colorectal villous adenoma, bile duct adenomatosis), including presence of villous structures with increased mucus production, a tendency to spread massively, and a high risk of malignant transformation.

Adenoma↗