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Biomedical subjects

L Clancy

Publications and source records attributed to L Clancy.

70 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Maximal exercise studies in Scottish athletes.

We have studied maximal oxygen uptake, maximal heart rate, maximal exercise ventilation and the ventilatory response to exercise in 24 male and 14 female Scottish athletes. The values for maximal oxygen uptake are similar to those reported in other international studies. In eight athletes repeat measurements of maximal oxygen uptake 7-11 months after the initial study showed no change from the initial values. The values for the ventilatory response to exercise in our athletes were normal. The relationship is discussed between maximal oxygen uptake and ventilatory responses to exercise, hypoxia and hypercapnia and it is suggested that these may be related to athletic event.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Long-term domiciliary oxygen therapy in cor pulmonale complicating chronic bronchitis and emphysema.

Ten patients with cor pulmonale complicating severe chronic bronchitis and emphysema have been treated with 2 litres/min of oxygen for prolonged periods in the day, at home, over 12 to 62 months. Two patients died after 12 and 36 months of treatment. Pulmonary arterial pressure was reduced in seven patients, and red cell mass in eight, when the oxygen was given for over 15 hours in the day. Hospital inpatient treatment was greatly reduced following the start of long-term oxygen treatment in all patients. This treatment is expensive, and a controlled trial is necessary to establish its definitive place and cost-effectiveness, but the results of such a current Medical Research Council trial will not be available for a further two years.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

Maximal oxygen uptake, lung volume and ventilatory response to carbon dioxide and hypoxia in a pair of identical twin athletes.

1. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max), lung volumes, and ventilatory responses to carbon dioxide and hypoxia have been measured in identical twin athletes, who were trained to a similar high degree. 2. The results confirm previous findings for VO2 max. and lung volumes in identical twins, and are in keeping with the suggestion that genetic factors play a major part in determining the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide and hypoxia.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Smoking, occupancy and staffing levels in a selection of Dublin pubs pre and post a national smoking ban, lessons for all.

BACKGROUND: On the 29th March 2004 the Irish government introduced a comprehensive workplace smoking ban to protect the health of workers. This study evaluates the impact the ban had on staffing levels, customer numbers and smoking rates in a sample of 38 public houses in Dublin. METHODS: A total of 38 public houses were visited prior to the introduction of the ban, each visit lasted at least three hours, and the number of staff, customers and the number of people smoking was recorded each hour. Follow-up visits were conducted exactly one year later, on the same day of the week and at the same time of day, allowing controlling for seasonal and weekday effects. RESULTS: There was a decrease (8.82%) in average staff levels while customer numbers increased by 11% and there was a dramatic reduction in numbers smoking on a visit to a pub (77.8%). CONCLUSIONS: The hospitality industry predicted major job losses as a consequence of the introduction of the smoking ban; this work has shown that there was no significant decrease in the number of staff employed or in customer numbers. There was full compliance, with no customers smoking inside the public houses following the introduction of the ban. The ban has been good for the industry, staff, and customers.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Smoking profile of non-consultant hospital doctors.

BACKGROUND: In 1994 Doll and colleagues published smoking mortality figures for British doctors over 40 years. AIMS: To assess smoking prevalence among junior doctors in a major Dublin teaching hospital. METHODS: One hundred and fourteen non-consultant doctors (NCHDs) at St James's Hospital received a confidential smoking questionnaire. RESULTS: One hundred and six NCHDs responded (93%). Three refused, five were not available. Ninety per cent were aged 24-35 years. Twenty-six per cent of the doctors had smoked for 10 to 15 years. Seventy-five per cent were smoking more than 10 cigarettes daily. Ninety-seven per cent (20) of smokers wanted to stop smoking. Seventy-four per cent (17) had unsuccessfully attempted to quit. The smoking cessation method most commonly used was'cold turkey' in 60%. Others included nicotine replacement, bupropion and hypnotherapy. CONCLUSION: A significant per centage of NCHDs (22%) continue to smoke, despite overwhelming evidence that this causes health problems. The prevalence in our study is lower than the national figure of 29%.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bronchitis symptoms in young teenagers who actively or passively smoke cigarettes.

This study was undertaken to examine the prevalence of bronchitis (cough with phlegm) symptoms in teenagers who either smoked cigarettes on a regular basis (active smokers) or were non-smokers but who are exposed to passive smoking (passive smokers) in the home. The study was undertaken in 1995 and repeated in 1998. The 1995 study was a cross sectional questionnaire survey of smoking habits in secondary school children aged 13-14 years and was undertaken as part of the ISAAC questionnaire survey. Thirty representative and randomly selected schools from throughout the Republic of Ireland took part in the study. In the 1995 study, 3066 students completed a questionnaire on their current smoking habits and symptoms of cough and phlegm. We found that 634 (20.7%) of these young teenagers actively smoked cigarettes with significantly more females smoking than males with 23.3% of girls compared to 17.6% boys (p = 0.0001). We found that 46.3% of non-smoking children were exposed to smoking in the home (passive smokers) with parental smoking accounting for most of the passive smoking. Bronchitis symptoms were more commonly reported in active smokers compared to non-smokers with an odds ratio of 3.02 (95% CI 2.34-3.88) (p < 0.0001) or in passive smokers compared to those not exposed to smoking with odds ratio of 1.82 (95% CI 1.32-2.52) (p < 0.0001). The 1998 study showed similar results for smoking habits, passive smoking and prevalence of bronchitis symptoms as with the 1995 study. These results document that increased bronchitis symptoms occur in teenagers exposed to active or passive smoking.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mesothelioma trends in the Republic of Ireland: an epidemiologic study in the context of the causal pathway.

This study utilized pleural cancer deaths (n = 125) as a surrogate measure for mesothelioma. The existing mesothelioma incidence data (n = 77) were also analysed. Annual-Percent-Change (APC) in age-adjusted rates (European standard population) was estimated. The pleural cancer mortality rates showed an annual rise of 8.9% (95% CI: 7.1%, 10.8%) from 1979 to 1998 (p < 0.0001), and this was steeper from 1990 onwards, especially among the older cohorts (10.9%). The birth-cohorts of 1925-1935 appear to be suffering the highest risk of pleural cancer deaths. The mesothelioma incidence also showed an annual increase of 14.4% (95% CI: -22.7%, 51.4%) from 1994 to 1998 (p = 0.08). The majority of the mesothelioma cases were involved in asbestos-related trades. Seventy (95% CI: 49,101) cases of pleural cancer deaths are predicted for the years 2007-2008, as opposed to 29 cases observed a decade ago in the years 1997-1998. The current APC (8.9%) is also predicted to rise to 10.5% (95% CI: 7.3%, 15.0%) in 2007-2008. These findings merit close attention for future public-health policies in line with EC directive of banning the indiscriminate use of 'all' forms of asbestos in the Republic of Ireland as early as possible.

Causality↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A clinico-pathological study of 79 bronchoscopies in HIV-positive patients.

We investigated lung pathology in 61 HIV-positive patients who underwent 79 bronchoscopies. There were 27 cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), 22 cases of pyogenic pulmonary infection and six cases of mycobacterial infection. Eleven cases of non-specific interstitial pneumonitis were found and 10 intravenous drug abusers had birefringent pulmonary talc granulomata in biopsy specimens. Women and intravenous drug abusers had higher rates of pyogenic pulmonary infection than men and other risk groups respectively. When compared with a previous survey from the same hospital using the same methodology the present study showed a change in the risk groups with 50% more intravenous drug abusers, 42% more haemophiliacs and 45% fewer patients with sexually transmitted infection. However, apparent changes in the spectrum of diseases encountered were not significant.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Thyrotoxicosis induced by choriocarcinoma a report of two cases.

We report two cases of choriocarcinoma, one uterine, the other a component of an ovarian germ cell tumour, in both instances clinically overt thyrotoxicosis was a feature of their initial presentation. These cases highlight a rare clinical association which is due a thyrotropic action of Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Asthma, hay fever and eczema in Irish teenagers (ISAAC protocol).

The national prevalence of asthma, hay fever and eczema, employing the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire, was determined during 1995 in 3148 Junior Certificate secondary school children aged 13-14 years throughout the Republic of Ireland. The prevalence values for asthma, hay fever and eczema were 15.2%, 24.8% and 9.4% respectively. Although 5.4% reported having both asthma and hay fever, combinations of the other allergic conditions were less than 2%. Sex difference in prevalence rates for the various conditions occurred with asthma prevalence being higher for males, eczema in females, but hay fever was almost equally reported between males and females. This data documents the prevalence of teenage asthma with associated allergic conditions in the Republic of Ireland and will allow for present and future comparisons of these conditions with other countries world-wide using the ISAAC protocol.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tuberculosis incidence in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland--a collaborative study.

We examined the incidence of tuberculosis in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland for 1991 using the Census of Population for both jurisdictions, data from a National Survey of Tuberculosis for 1991 for the Republic and examination of nominal notification data for Northern Ireland. We showed that there is a significantly higher incidence of TB in the Republic of Ireland. More cases were reported (p < 1.0 x 10(-7)) as were more bacteriologically proven cases (p < 1.0 x 10(-7)). The difference was true for each of the following age groups (< 15 years, 15-35 years, 35-54 years and > 55 years) but it is noteworthy that areas in the Republic which make use of neonatal BCG vaccine did not have a significantly different rate of tuberculosis for individuals less than 15 years (p = 0.34) compared to Northern Ireland.

Adolescent↗