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Biomedical subjects

L Clark

Publications and source records attributed to L Clark.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Shared T-cell receptor gene usage in experimental allergic neuritis and encephalomyelitis.

Experimental allergic neuritis, an autoimmune disease of the peripheral nervous system, is a model for human Guillain-Barré syndrome. Experimental allergic neuritis is mediated by CD4+ T cells reactive with myelin P2 protein. We demonstrate that these T cells use the same members of T-cell receptor V gene families for both their alpha (V alpha 2) and beta (V beta 8) chains as T cells that cause experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. Furthermore, these T cells appear to be idiotypically related. Therefore, completely different T-cell lines with different antigen specificities, producing entirely different diseases, share common T-cell receptors.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Non-oral etiologies of oral malodor and altered chemosensation.

A number of non-oral causes for oral malodor have been discussed. Several well documented etiologies for non-oral malodor include renal failure, cirrhosis of the liver, and diabetes mellitus. Each of these conditions has been examined using analytical instrumentation. In addition there appear to be several other metabolic conditions involving enzymatic and transport anomalies (such as trimethylaminuria) which lead to the systemic production of volatile malodors that manifest themselves as halitosis and/or altered chemoreception. Our studies include patients who have been referred to us after being examined by numerous clinical specialists with no identification or relief from their problem. This is due in part to the intermittent nature of many of these problems as well as an apparent lack of knowledge concerning many of these metabolic problems and their relation to oral symptoms.

Acetoin↗
PubMed1992

Nursing clinical education: a partnership with health information management professionals.

Today's HIM professional can be a positive and an integral component in providing nursing clinical education. Creativity is the key. HIM professionals can share expertise in the documentation and quality assessment process as well as in the transition to the computerized patient record. By providing HIM information through nursing clinical education, a collaborative partnership can emerge.

Computer User Training↗
PubMed1992

Observations, legends, and conjectures concerning restricted T-cell receptor usage and autoimmune disease.

It has become clear over the past few years that a variety of experimental autoimmune conditions are mediated by T cells bearing a highly restricted subset of antigen receptors. This restricted TcR usage raises important questions concerning not only the recognition of autoantigens, but also the pathogenic mechanisms underlying many models of autoimmunity. Furthermore, the extension of these findings in certain cases to human disease has raised the possibility of specific therapeutic immune intervention. In this review, we examine the available data on restricted T-cell receptor usage in autoimmune disorders and explore the interpretations and the theoretical and practical implications of these findings.

Autoimmune Diseases↗
PubMed1991

Chemical repellency in birds: relationship between chemical structure and avoidance response.

We examined how molecular structure of 24 anthranilate and benzoic acid derivatives correlated with drinking behavior in European starlings Sturnus vulgaris. The effectiveness of bird repellents was associated with basicity, the presence of an electron-donating group in resonance with an electron-withdrawing carboxylic group on a phenyl ring, and a heterocyclic ring in the same pi cloud plane as the phenyl ring. Of the benzoic acid derivatives tested in this study, methyl, ethyl, dimethyl, and linalyl anthranilate as well as anthranilic acid and 4-ketobenztriazine were repellent to birds. Water consumption was significantly reduced relative to control levels at concentrations as low as 0.05% (weight/volume) for the best repellents. Further statistical tests showed that reduction in consumption for the best repellents was absolute, not significantly different from zero consumption. Anthranilic acid isomers were moderately good repellents. The ability to generate a model predicting repellency allows for the efficient identification and development of ecologically sound, nonlethal, taxa-specific repellents to be used for the protection of wildlife in agricultural and industrial applications.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Prolonged follicle stimulation decreases pregnancy rates after in vitro fertilization.

Ovarian stimulation with a GnRH-a and hMG for IVF treatment offers the potential to extend the period of follicle recruitment and growth free of the restriction imposed by a spontaneous midcycle LH surge. A randomized trial investigating the impact of extending follicle growth by 1 day resulted in a significantly reduced PR, despite an increase in the number of larger follicles (greater than or equal to 17 mm) at the time of hCG. The reason for a reduced PR was not related to the number of ova recovered or embryo quality. This suggests that follicular aging or the duration of estrogen rise may be important.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Pentoxifylline in resuscitation of experimental hemorrhagic shock.

BACKGROUND: Pentoxifylline improves survival in animal models of hemorrhagic shock. The purpose of this study was to determine the physiologic effects of pentoxifylline in hemorrhagic shock that may be responsible for improved survival. METHODS: Randomized, prospective, blinded trials in Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to hemorrhage and resuscitation, with or without pentoxifylline. RESULTS: Pentoxifylline had no effect on BP or cardiac output. However, tissue oxygenation and oxygen consumption were increased with pentoxifylline resuscitation. Pentoxifylline resuscitation also significantly decreased polymorphonuclear leukocyte adhesiveness. CONCLUSIONS: Pentoxifylline improves tissue oxygenation and oxygen consumption posthemorrhage and this effect is not due to increased cardiac output. Therefore, it must be due to improved microcirculatory blood flow. This effect may be due to decreased polymorphonuclear leukocyte adhesiveness induced by pentoxifylline resuscitation.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

How does the mode of delivery affect the cost of maternity care?

In this paper we present estimates of the difference in the cost of hospital care for women having different modes of singleton delivery. The estimates are based on observation of resources used in different procedures, and on data from the North West Thames Region Maternity Information System. For vaginal delivery the average cost is 363 pounds, but could fall between 189 pounds and 773 pounds, and for caesarean section the average cost is 1123 pounds, with a likely range from 837 pounds to 1560 pounds. The wide ranges in the costs of the two modes of delivery reflect variation in the length of stay and in the intensity of care required. The average cost for intrapartum care and postnatal stay is estimated to be 451 pounds for all singleton births. Variation in operative delivery rates between hospitals implies differences in the overall cost of care at different maternity units. This partly reflects differences in the needs of the population served by the units, but also differences in clinical practice. It is important for decision makers to consider the balance between the costs and outcomes of different policies of care.

Cesarean Section↗