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Biomedical subjects

L Clemmesen

Publications and source records attributed to L Clemmesen.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Prediction of survival in adults with acquired Bi- or pancytopenia.

In a retrospective study of 44 adults with acquired bi- or pancytopenia without evidence of any causal disorder, the survival curve suggested the existence of a subgroup of short survivors, mainly with aplastic anaemia, with death within 4 months. The initial values of 14 single clinical, blood and bone marrow variables were significantly associated with survival less than 4 months. Stepwise multiple logistic regression analyses identified 2 combinations of variables displaying significant simultaneous associations with short survival: (i) increased % of non-myeloid bone marrow cells and haemorrhagic manifestations initially; (ii) increased % of non-myeloid marrow cells, circulating erythroblasts and no history of any drug exposure. The predictive capacities of a resulting estimate of the probability of short survival and of previously introduced prognostic indices were approximately equal. The frequency of a correct prediction of a survival shorter than 4 months was in the range of 0.71-0.78 and that of longer survival in the range of 0.74-0.94.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Physical dependence on ethanol during multiple intoxication and withdrawal episodes in the rat: evidence of a potentiation.

An animal model of repeated alcohol intoxication-withdrawal episodes consisting in a 2-day period of intoxication followed by 5 days abstinence in a 17 week period of study is presented. Gastric intubation was used. As a group the animals presented a statistically significant increase of convulsive withdrawal phenomena which during the 10th and 17th episode was comparable to the withdrawal reaction in abstinent 4-day alcohol-intoxicated animals. It is suggested that the present model may represent a paradigm for the study of effects of multiple ethanol withdrawal episodes.

Alcoholic Intoxication↗
PubMed1984

Blind study of the effect of the alpha-adrenergic agonists clonidine and lofexidine on alcohol withdrawal in the rat.

Alpha-adrenergic agonists have been reported to block the opiate withdrawal reaction in animals and humans, probably by interference with the catecholaminergic hyperactivity that prevails during opiate withdrawal. Since catecholaminergic hyperactivity also occurs during alcohol withdrawal, the present study investigated whether the central alpha-adrenergic agonists clonidine and lofexidine could interfere with this type of withdrawal reaction. During withdrawal from a 4-day intoxication period, male Wistar rats were assigned to one of three groups: clonidine treatment (0.15 mg/kg, N = 11), lofexidine treatment (0.50 mg/kg, N = 11) and control (N = 11). The study was performed blind, the code for the saline control and two drug treatment groups being broken only after the last rating of withdrawal symptoms. Since neither clonidine nor lofexidine modified the development or degree of the alcohol withdrawal reaction, there was no support for the assumption of a common mechanism involving the alpha-adrenergic system during opiate and alcohol dependence.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1983

The Hamilton Anxiety Scale. Evaluation of homogeneity and inter-observer reliability in patients with depressive disorders.

In the present study the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAS), originally constructed for patients with neurotic anxiety, has been applied to patients with diagnosis of depressive disorders. The inter-rater reliability and homogeneity are evaluated and total scale score has been correlated to the Bech-Rafaelsen Melancholia Scale (BRMES). Twenty-two patients entered the study, 13 with endogenous depressions, and 9 with non-endogenous depressions when classified according to the ICD-8. For both scales the inter-rater reliability was found statistically significant. Concerning the homogeneity of the HAS, statistical significance was obtained for 7 items reflecting psychic anxiety, whereas in the BRMES statistical significance was found in all items apart from 2. Total scale score on HAS correlated positively with total score on BRMES for all 2 patients. However, when the patients were classified according to the ICD-8 this correlation seemed to be due to the endogenously depressed group as no significant correlation was seen for the group of non-endogenous depression. On the other hand, when the patients were classified according to the MULTI-CLAD system no significant intercorrelation of the HAS and BRMES scores was found within the subtypes of depression.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1983

The Melancholia Scale and the Newcastle Scales. Item-combinations and inter-observer reliability.

The reliability of the total scores on three rating scales (Melancholia Scale and the two Newcastle Scales) and the algorithms leading to the Feighner, Research Diagnostic Criteria, and the DSM-III subtypes of depression have been compared. The degree of inter-observer agreements for the various item-combinations was significantly higher than would be expected by chance. The average agreement for each assessment system ranged from 80 to 93 per cent. This 7 to 20 per cent lack of total agreement probably reflects the limitation of clinical assessments including the influence of halo effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Comparison of peripheral anticholinergic effects of antidepressants: dry mouth.

Twenty-one healthy volunteers were given single doses of placebo or antidepressants corresponding to average daily doses of patient medications. Spontaneous whole mouth and parotid salivation was measured two, six, and ten hours after drug administration in session 1; in session 2 after ten hours. The results indicate that a subdivision of antidepressants into four groups can be made according to inhibitory effect on salivation: (a) isocarboxazide and lithium citrate with no effect, (b) zimelidine and nomifensine with slight effect, (c) imipramine oxide and mianserin with moderate effect and (d) maprotiline, nortriptyline, clomipramine, imipramine, and amitriptyline with pronounced effect. Research implications and predictive value for new antidepressants are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

The applicability of simple blood and bone marrow variables in prediction of acute leukaemia in patients with acquired bi- or pancytopenia.

A retrospective study of 44 patients presenting with acquired bi- or pancytopenia (B/PC) and no evidence of any causal disorder was carried out. 12 patients developed acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia after 2-51 months. Compared to the nonleukaemic subjects the preleukaemic patients at the onset of B/PC had significantly higher counts of myeloblasts and other myelopoietic cells in the bone marrow, more cellular marrows due to more dense cellularities of all compartments, higher blood granulocyte and monocyte counts, more pronounced anisocytosis, and in some cases a small number of circulating myeloblasts. A stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis identified 3 combinations of variables displaying significant simultaneous association with subsequent leukaemic transformation. Among these the combination of marrow myeloblast percentage and blood granulocyte count might be applicable to early prospective identification of patients with preleukaemic B/PC.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Electrical amygdala kindling in alcohol-withdrawal kindled rats.

Repeated alcohol withdrawal has been shown to kindle seizure activity. The purpose of the present investigation was to study electrical amygdala kindling in rats previously exposed to alcohol-withdrawal kindling. In three independent experiments, male Wistar rats were subjected to multiple episodes each consisting of 2 days of severe alcohol intoxication and 5 days of alcohol withdrawal. In the first experiment, the alcohol-withdrawal kindled animals were divided into two groups depending on whether spontaneous alcohol-withdrawal seizures were observed in episodes 10-13. In the second and third experiments, the alcohol-withdrawal kindled animals were compared to a group in which alcohol-withdrawal kindling was prevented by diazepam treatment during the withdrawal reactions in order to discriminate between the effect of withdrawal and intoxication. Electrical kindling was initiated 28-35 days after the last alcohol dose by exposing the animals to daily electrical stimulations of the right amygdala. The results showed that amygdala kindling was facilitated in alcohol-withdrawal kindled animals which showed spontaneous withdrawal seizure activity, compared with animals exposed to multiple episodes of alcohol withdrawal which did not develop withdrawal seizures or with animals exposed to a single episode of alcohol intoxication. When compared to the control group, the alcohol-withdrawal kindled group with seizures also kindled at a faster rate, but the difference did not reach statistical significance and therefore the results must be regarded as preliminary at present.

Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium↗