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Biomedical subjects

L Colonna

Publications and source records attributed to L Colonna.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

[The stimulant effect of neuroleptics: myth or reality?].

On the basis of clinical observations and animal pharmacology, the hypothesis of two types of neuroleptics may be considered. Some neuroleptics ("monopolars") are always sedatives, whatever will be the dosage used practically. Other neuroleptics ("bipolars") would be stimulating at a low dosage and sedatives at a high dosage. Stimulation and sedation would be in relation with pre- and post-synaptic dopaminergic receptors blockade.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Depressive symptomatology and type of treatment (author's transl)].

Details of treatment remain imprecise in depression, as the trials of antidepressants have been more concerned with overall effectiveness than with specificity. The aetiology in depression does not provide sufficient guidance for treatment, even though drugs are preferred for endogenous depression and psychotherapy for neurotic depression. An unitary formulation of depression can be postulated on the basis of the concept of regression; endogenous and reactive depression would then stem from the nature of the depressed subject's personality. Such an approach can encompass the various possible aetiologies in depression: biochemical, psychological and social, without necessarily contrasting them. In this connection, depression is a psychobiological syndrome within which there may be different symptomatic pictures, depending notably upon the various monoamine hypotheses raised in numerous studies. In that event, possible correlations between biochemical abnormalities and certain clinical manifestations may better guide the selection of drugs.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1978

[Depressive states: clinical symptoms and monoaminergic hypothesis].

Twenty somatic symptoms are listed, that are often met in depressive states but that are presently neglected by clinicians and by the various depression rating scales. Thanks to the data provided by animal pharmacology and clinical studies, an attempt to correlate the clinical studies with the biochemical results is proposed between those symptoms and eventual monoaminergic dysfunctions. This study leads to a clinical observation scale. In the future, the authors envisage a multifactorial analysis of the data obtained by the use of the scale. Symptomatic groupings could help establish a new classification for depressive states. They could also guide the choice of the medication according to the monoaminergic dysfunctions that are pointed out.

Depression↗
PubMed1978

[The echographic aspects of the foetal heart (author's transl)].

In 15 pregnant women, during the last month of pregnancy, the heart of living human foetuses has been searched for with echocardiological techniques, using a multiple-crystal transducer. The single heart structures distinguished on the bidimensional image were picked out with a single ultrasonic ray and photographed with a Polaroid camera. The echocardiological image revealed of such structures is similar to that found in newborns. The aorta and the mitral valve have been registered in all cases. It has been possible, with minor frequency, to reveal the echoes of the tricuspid valve, of the interventricular septum, of the posterior wall of the left ventricle and of the pulmonary valve. The left atrium/aorta root relationship resulted almost always higher with regard to the values considered normal for newborns. The behaviour of the interventricular septum is of particular interest, as it always showed a normal movement. This report indicates that the functional load of the different heart cavities during the various phases of interuterine life is in perfect equilibrium, notwithstanding the substantial anatomical and functional modifications which occur during the course of foetal life. The Authors maintain that echocardiological methods could become indispensable in understanding the physiological and pathological aspects of foetal circulation.

Echocardiography↗
PubMed1978

[Anxiety inhibitions].

At the border of normality and of pathology, anxious inhibitions can have a double function either positive or negative in the psychic balance of the subject. A distinction can be made between: -- the paroxystic anxious inhibitions and stage-fright is a good example of defensive part in front of a menance directed toward the integrity of the Ego, -- and lasting anxious inhibitions, such as intellectual and sexual inhibitions that can induce a true limitation of personality. A psychological and psychopharmacological parallel is evoked about alcohol, a "polyvalent psychotropic drug".

Anxiety↗
PubMed1976

[Paradoxical effects of neuroleptics].

Paradoxical effects of major tranquillizers are discussed by the author about his observation on two patients, above all in connection with the sedative and stimulating properties of these drugs. These two observations concern a treatment with Haloperidol at high dosages giving surprising effects: syndrom of excitement with an increase in delusive activity along with hallucinations and a touch of depressive mood. From this point of view, a few questions can be raised about the correlation between the antipsychotic activity of the major tranquillizers and these sedative or stimulating effects. The author has also discussed the stress upon mood.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Pharmacoclinical value of the study of lithium cycles during 24 hours].

One cannot base a posology only upon morning lithiemy which turns out to be an unreliable criterion. It is useful to appreciate therapy equilibration through lithiemic cycle i.e. and every two hours dosage among patients on lithium carbonate or gluconate. Certain patients with quite an insufficient lithiemic morning level may be well equilibrated during day time. Lithiemy variations during the day are constantly reliable with the same patient. The study of nycthemeral variations among lithium salts treated patients allows us to understand some pathological subphenomena : intermittent tremor, subconfusional transitory onsets. Lastly lithiemic cycles allow comparison between lithiemy variations in manic or depressive relapses.

Carbonates↗
PubMed1975

[Transient left posterior hemiblock in acute ischemic cardiopathy].

Report of seven cases of intermittent left posterior hemiblock in subjects with acute ischaemic heart disease. The electrocardiograms of all the patients (together with the coronary arteriography in three cases) have shown the presence of two different areas of ischaemia: the anterior wall and the diaphragmatic wall of the left ventricle. In three patients acute coronary ischaemia was present in both areas; in the other cases one myocardial wall only was involved.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Lithium and aggression in adults].

The use of lithium as an antiaggressive agent independently of its action in bipolar illness is now well documented. It appears particularly effective in the control of aggressive behavior in chronically aggressive prisoners and mentally retarded patients. Approximately 70-75% of these patients are likely to show a positive response to lithium therapy. No convincing features have been identified as being predictive of a good response. The clinical effect of lithium is to reduce the frequency and the severity of both hetero and auto aggressive outbursts. The use of lithium for aggressive behavior remains controversial in epileptic disorders and inconclusive in chronically psychotic patients. Careful monitoring of lithium blood levels is necessary to ensure adequate therapeutic efficacy without toxicity. A caution is needed in patients with brain damage especially when concurrent neuroleptic treatment is used. The antiaggressive effect of lithium seems rather specific and may be associated with a serotoninergic effect.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Multicenter study of the effectiveness and tolerance of clotiazepam in cardiology].

In a phase IV study with clotiazepam 9 cardiologists were involved to treat 86 patients (52 female, 32 male, mean age 51 years) effected by cardiovascular diseases and anxiety. The dosage was 5-10 mg TID, and the treatment lasted for 3 weeks. Variations of the dosage were requested in 21% of patients and generally at the 2nd week of treatment. The safety of clotiazepam was good: only in the 14% of patients side-effects were observed (especially drowsiness 9.3% and asthenia 2.3%). Clotiazepam was judged to be effective in 75% of patients. The Hamilton psychiatric rating scale for anxiety showed a progressive decrease both of the total score and of the scores of every item; the cardiovascular symptoms particularly improved at both the controls.

Adolescent↗