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Biomedical subjects

L Csémy

Publications and source records attributed to L Csémy.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Abuse of buprenorphine becomes a problem of the Czech Republic].

Buprenorphine (Subutex) is according to epidemiological data and clinical experience abused on a large scale in the Czech Republic and for some drug dependent persons it becomes a principal intravenously applied drug. This problem can be resolved by more appropriate training of physicians who prescribe the drug and especially by the introduction of the combination buprenorphine and naloxone (Suboxone) which is not abused intravenously. The registration of Suboxone in the Czech Republic was not initiated by the manufactures so far.

Analgesics, Opioid↗
PubMed2006

[Improving self-control in substance dependent persons and pathological gamblers--a pilot study].

BACKGROUND: Impaired self-control is an important symptom of addictive diseases. The average number of factors improving self-control among 117 men dependent on alcohol, other substances and pathological gamblers was 5.55 (SD=3.5). METHODS AND RESULTS: We classified strategies how to improve self-control into following groups (their ordering reflects the frequency of their use in our sample): 1. The help of others (professional treatment, self-help groups, and family), 2. Distraction and similar techniques, 3. The use of motivation, 4. Life-style changes including appropriate rest, 5. Physical activity, sports, physical work, 6. The use of environments, 7. Mastering of social and other relevant skills, 8. Relaxation based approaches, 9. Techniques working with improved self-awareness, 10. Pharmacotherapy, 11. Acknowledgement of an addictive disease and abstinence, 12. Disrupting risky behavioral patterns. CONCLUSIONS: To improve of self-control in addictive diseases simple techniques are appropriate because of temporarily impaired cognitive functions during craving. Frequent repetition are also important.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed2006

[Spirituality in medicine and addictive diseases].

Some relevant studies dealing with spirituality in the prevention and treatment of addictive diseases are summarized. Lower prevalence of daily smoking was ascertained also in Czech population. Health workers should pay appropriate attention to spiritual needs of their patients. Spirituality also alleviates professional stress in helping professions. A case report illustrating the importance of spirituality in treatment of alcohol dependence is included. Spirituality in addicted persons is often rather inconspicuous and covert.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Patients treated for addictive diseases in the Psychiatric Centre Bohnice in years 1994 to 2003].

During 1994 to 2003 the number of patients treated in the Psychiatric Centre Bohnice who had within the first three dismissory diagnosis alcohol related disorders increased by 77% and disorders caused by other psychoactive drugs increased more than four times. An increase was observed also in pathological gambling (37%). In alcohol related problems the highest increase was seen in drug cessation (about four times). In other drug related problems the highest increase was marked in addiction treatment (almost five times). Such trend probably reflects the situation in the society together with other effects described in the study.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed2005

[Alcohol in the elderly].

We summarize specific features of alcohol-related problems in elderly patients. About one third alcohol dependent elderly patients develop their alcohol dependence while already aged. It often happens after stressful life events such as retirement or bereavement. Such patients can be treated more easily and alcohol does not cause so many somatic complications in them when compared with those elderly who develop their dependence earlier. Alcohol-related problems in elderly patients should be recognized and treated as soon as possible. Cognitive-behavioural therapy, supportive group therapy with peers (especially in lonely patients), self-help groups, such as Alcoholics Anonymous, and family therapy are appropriate. Modern anticraving medication can be also effective but comparatively high price limits its use.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

[Alcoholic liver disease].

This paper summarizes the mechanisms which cause alcoholic liver disease. The most important principle when treating alcoholic liver disease is to abstain from alcohol; this often brings about remarkable improvement. Alcoholic liver disease should be treated as early as possible.

Humans↗
PubMed2005

[Alcohol and pregnancy].

Alcohol abuse in pregnancy causes fetal alcohol spectrum disorders ranging from discreet developmental problems to fetal alcohol syndrome. That is why pregnant women and the women considering pregnancy should abstain from alcohol. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders occur even after drinking at early stages of pregnancy when women are not aware of being pregnant. According to one study 75% Czech women drank alcohol before pregnancy and one third of them continued during first three months of pregnancy. According to new epidemiological data 83.4% of Czech women aged between 18 and 40 drank alcohol during the year preceeding the pregnancy. The prevention in this area in the Czech Republic is clearly not satisfactory, and it is complicated by the alcohol advertising targeted at women, low taxation of alcohol and other factors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[How many pathological gamblers are in the Czech Republic?].

The number of pathological gamblers in the Czech Republic is not known. Every 10th male adolescent 18-year-old gambles once a month or more often. The number of slot machines in the Czech Republic is 1 per 200 of residents. Considering the prevalence of pathological gambling in other countries, we estimate that the prevalence of pathological gambling in the Czech Republic is probably not lower than 0.5-1% of population. Many more people are affected indirectly (family members and the victims of gambling related crimes). Effective prevention should both decrease availability and the demand.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Brief intervention for alcohol related problems can be used at various environments].

Brief intervention for alcohol related problems is effective. Considering high per capita alcohol consumption, it is desirable that brief intervention should be practiced not only by health professionals but also by other workers. Feedback about alcohol related problems, clear advice, motivation enhancement, written texts, active referral, etc. has been used. Screening and brief interventions were successfully employed in general practice, psychiatry, gynaecology and obstetrics, at emergency and trauma units, in judiciary system, at schools including colleges and at various workplaces.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed2004

Smoking behaviour of Czech adolescents: results of the Global Youth Tobacco Survey in the Czech Republic, 2002.

The Czech Republic Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) is a school-based survey of students in grades 7-9, conducted in 2002. A two-stage cluster sample design was used to produce representative data for all of the Czech Republic. On a large sample of students (N=4,149) from 7-9th grade it reveals that smoking among children has been continually growing. According to the results of this study, over 34% of the respondents smoke. Results of the study help us to understand social and attitudinal factors that affect adolescent smoking habits. Social factors include particularly the convenient availability of cigarettes and the lack of the legal regulation of the retail of cigarettes: over one half of all smokers under 15 years of age regularly purchase cigarettes in regular retail outlets; 72% of them reported never having been restricted in their purchases because of their age. Advertising and media coverage appears to be another important factor that affects smoking in this age group. Over 80% of children under 15 years of age reported that they have been exposed to the tobacco advertising. The study also allows an interesting analysis of the exposure to the environmental tobacco smoke. Compared to non-smokers, this exposure has been significantly higher in the case of smokers--both in their homes and at other locations (58% vs. 25%, and 90% vs. 57% respectively). The analysis of the data also revealed a strong misconception about the health risks related to passive smoking among smokers. The study provides three key findings for health promotion: (1) it is necessary to exert a continuous pressure on the political representation to strictly enforce the regulations of tobacco distribution and availability to minors; (2) school health education as well as community oriented prevention programs need to explicitly communicate non-smoking as a standard; and (3) it is important to increase the attractiveness and availability of smoking cessation programs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[European action plan on alcohol in the Czech Republic--no substantial progress].

Czech Republic joined European action plan on alcohol for years 2000 to 2004 and signed its accomplishment. However, since 2000 situation has worsened. Alcohol consumption raised in 2001 (the last known data) to 10.0 litters of 100% alcohol (that is 159.9 litters of beer, 8.2 litters of distillates and 16.2 litters of wine per person per year). The only positive aspect was the small rise of consumption tax in distillates and that some thesis of the European action plan on alcohol were included into the governmental document "Long-term improvement of the health status of the population in Czech republic--Health for everybody in the 21st century". The proclamation has had no practical effect. Highly adverse is the situation with alcohol consumption in children and adolescents, which was described in the last study. Risks related to the high alcohol consumption in Czech republic include: High incidence of alcohol related death, including children, adolescents and young people (injuries, traffic accidents, poisonings, suicides, liver and tumor diseases); higher morbidity; lower productivity at work and worse position of Czech workers in concurrent environment; worse reproduction health, higher incidence of inborn defects caused by alcohol taken during pregnancy (including its beginning, when women do not know it); frequent social and family problems caused by alcohol abuses; increased risk of consumption of non-alcoholic drugs in children and adolescents. Alcohol belong to throughway drugs and its consumption in early age represents for children and adolescents a risk factor for other addictive drugs; alcohol is related namely to violent and negligent delicts; flagrant alcohol excesses together with alcohol related criminality harm the prestige of Czech Republic to foreign visitors and can drive them back.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed2004

[An analysis of the sociodemographic context of alcohol use in the Czech adult population from the health perspective].

BACKGROUND: WHO 2002 Report finds alcohol use to have mostly detrimental effects on the human health, only some patterns of use being beneficial. This study analyzes patterns of alcohol use in the Czech adult population according to region, urbanization, gender, age, and education. METHODS AND RESULTS: A sample of 1224 men and 1282 women (aged 18-64), representative for the Czech population of this age, was interviewed. Frequencies of beer, wine and spirit use, usual quantities per occasion, and the frequency of consuming >/= 75 g alcohol at a single occasion were ascertained. Results showed that 33% men and 14% women consume alcohol in a way hazardous for health, i.e. with a daily average > 40 g (men), > 20 g (women), or with periodic use of >/= 75 g at a single occasion. Only 6% men and 2% women adhere to a consumption pattern with supposed cardio-protective effects, i.e. at least each other day, in low/moderate quantity and without periodic binges. The health risk form of use in men is age related with the climax at 35-44 (p<0.001) and with a linear decreases with educational level (p<0.001). No statistically significant relation between the unhealthy alcohol use and age or the education level was found in women. CONCLUSIONS: In the Czech adult male and female population patterns of the health-risky or problematic alcohol use heavily overweight patterns with hypothetical beneficial effects, with no exception across sociodemographic strata.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Alcohol, unintentional injuries and violence against emergency health care workers].

Epidemiological data about unintentional injuries under the influence of alcohol are presented. Moreover, the violence against emergency health care workers in this country succeeds mainly the alcohol abuse. The taxation of alcoholic beverages should be increased. The availability of alcohol should be restricted (e.g. during sporting events), and the principles of European Alcohol Action plans should be implemented.

Aggression↗
PubMed2000

Gender differences in alcohol consumption and adverse drinking consequences: cross-cultural patterns.

AIMS: To examine the consistency and/or variability of gender differences in drinking behavior cross-culturally. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS: Women's and men's responses in 16 general population surveys from 10 countries, analyzed by members of the International Research Group on Gender and Alcohol. MEASUREMENTS: Comparable measures of drinking, versus abstention, typical drinking frequencies and quantities, heavy episodic drinking, intoxication, morning drinking, and alcohol-related family and occupational problems. FINDINGS: Women and men differed little in the probability of currently drinking versus abstaining, but men consistently exceeded women in typical drinking frequencies and quantities and in rates of heavy drinking episodes and adverse drinking consequences, while women were consistently more likely than men to be life-time abstainers. In older age groups, both men and women drank smaller quantities of alcohol and were more likely to stop drinking altogether, but drinking frequencies did not change consistently with age. CONCLUSIONS: A theoretical synthesis proposes that gender roles may amplify biological differences in reactions to alcohol, and that gender differences in drinking behavior may be modified by macrosocial factors that modify gender role contrasts.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Czech men's drinking in changing political climates 1983-93: a three-wave longitudinal study.

AIMS: To analyse the relationships between political developments in the Czech Republic and the drinking behaviour of Czech men. DESIGN: A longitudinal (panel) design provided data collected on a cohort of 586 Czech men in three different political climates in 1983, 1988 and 1993. SETTING: In 1986-88 the ruling Communist party tried to reduce alcohol consumption in the country by a Gorbachev-inspired anti-alcohol campaign; after 1989 the re-establishment of democracy and a market economy abolished all political control over drinking and deregulated prices of beverage alcohol. PARTICIPANTS: A representative cohort of Prague men born 1950-61. MEASUREMENTS: Beverage-specific interview reports on drinking behaviour and questionnaire data on attitudes to drinking. FINDINGS: In those followed-up, mean alcohol consumption decreased between 1983 and 1988 by 26% and increased again by 16% between 1988 and 1993, mirroring per capita consumption in the Czech Republic. The same time trend was observed across all educational levels and also among men who were registered for alcohol abuse. Attitudes of the men to drinking changed minimally over the 10 years of follow-up. Individual attitudes to drinking interacted with the period effects: men with strong positive attitudes to drinking decreased their consumption less than others during the anti-alcohol campaign and such men increased their consumption more than the average during the liberalisation period. CONCLUSIONS: The downward and then upward in average alcohol consumption of the men during the 10 years of follow-up can be interpreted as affected partly by price changes and partly by changes in political control over drinking.

Adult↗