Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to L D Katosova.
Chromosome aberrations in donor peripheral blood lymphocyte culture were evaluated before, 14 and 30 days after treatment with a vitamin/mineral complex. Treatment with the complex had no effect on spontaneous level of aberrant cells. The number of chromosome aberrations induced by dioxidine or cadmium chloride in vitro at the G2 stage decreased on days 14 and 30 of treatment with the complex.
The data on spontaneous chromosome aberration rates in cultures of human peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained in the past 30 years have been collected to form a database. The database contains the results of analysis of more than 330,000 metaphases in lymphocytes from more than 1200 subjects. The frequency of aberrant metaphases in the control group has been estimated at 0.0213 +/- 0.00085. No differences between sexes have been found with respect to either the total chromosome aberration rate or the rates of individual aberration types. The total chromosome aberration rate did not depend on age; however, it has been found that the number of fragments increased and the number of exchanges decreased with age. Smoking has been found to increase the frequency of chromosome aberrations in individuals with occupational hazards, but not in those who are not occupationally exposed to radiation or chemicals. Alcohol consumption increased the frequency of paired fragments, whereas the frequencies of other aberrations did not differ from the control values.
Spontaneous chromosome aberration rate in human blood lymphocytes was studied using the data collected during 30 years. Seasonal variation was found. An absolute maximum of chromosome aberration rate was observed in winter and a local maximum, in summer. In spring and autumn, this value decreased. There was a statistically significant trend towards higher frequencies of aberrant metaphases during the period studied. A periodic pattern of changes in the chromosome aberration frequency was found. The data fitted a sinusoid with a period of 4.5 years.
A cytogenetic examination carried out in the inhabitants of Seversk (Tomsk oblast) and workers of the Siberian chemical industrial complex (a complex of nuclear-chemical and fuel plants), living in the same town, revealed unusually high level of spontaneous chromosomal variability both in control and industrial groups (total irradiation doses 1.8 to 3.7 and 9.3 to 15.7 Gy, respectively). The frequencies of cells with chromosomal aberrations (estimated per 100 cells) in control and industrial groups were 4.69, 6.04, and 6.64, respectively, and the total number of aberrations constituted 6.93, 8.47 and 12.06, respectively. These frequencies were several times higher compared to the summarized literature data on the control levels. The high average aberration level was caused by the elevated proportion of chromatid-type aberrations and paired fragments. The reasons for this are unclear. The levels of radioactive background and chemical air pollution in the town were not increased.
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The results of population cytogenetic studies performed by a standard technique in one laboratory during 1987-1992 are summarized. Variations in the rate of spontaneous chromosomal aberrations were found in lymphocyte culture derived from individuals employed in the nonindustrial sphere and in the administrative sector of the chemical industry. The proportion of cells with chromosomal aberrations is 1.56 +/- 0.10% in the first group and 2.78 +/- 0.15% in the second one. The ratio of types of aberration is similar in both groups. No differences were observed in the rate of spontaneous chromosomal aberrations as related to the extent of chemical pollution of place of residence.
Cytogenetic analysis of lymphocytes was performed in 36 preparatory workers engaged into rubber shoes and general mechanical rubber goods production. Preparatory workers and management staff had the same chromosomal aberrations frequency. Although chromosomal aberrations frequency in employees of the enterprise appeared to be twice as much as that for general population, which proves hazardous factors of rubber production to afflict genofond of employees.
It is impossible to protect human heredity from the ecological consequences of environmental pollution if there is no permanent control of hereditary variability in human populations, i.e. genetic monitoring. One of the urgent problems in genetic monitoring planning is the magnitude of representative samples necessary for establishing the significant mutation effect of environmental factors. The elevation of the mutation frequency can be determined either by the dynamics of the frequencies of hereditary pathology or by comparison of the frequencies in populations that differ in harmful factor exposures. Comparison of the effects evaluated by cytogenetic, epidemiological (registration of congenital malformation frequencies) and molecular-genetic methods in various population groups will make it possible to solve the problem of safety in the investigated regions.
The article contains data on a cytogenetic monitoring of workers engaged in asbestos production, depending on duration of professional service and degrees of dust contamination of the air. The results of the cytogenetic analysis of the peripheral blood lymphocytes in 31 workers revealed the average rate of aberrant cells 1.78% in workers with professional service below 1.5 years, 2.43%--with more than 10 years of service, 2.72%--in the control group (the personnel not engaged in the production). The differences were statistically negligible.
In order to reveal possible genetic effects of the Chernobyl accident for human populations, a cytogenetic survey of 33 agricultural workers from 2 areas of the Kaluga Region with different radiation backgrounds (villages of Mladensk and Ogor) was conducted in 1989. At the time of investigation a dose of 137Ce for Mladensk was 3.7 ci/km2, that for Ogor--1.17 ci/km2. Lymphocyte cultivation was performed after the standard semimicromethod for 50 hours; about 155-300 cells were analyzed for chromosome aberrations of each individual, the total number of metaphase plates in 2 groups being 9360. One-factor dispersion analysis has shown that the rate of exchanges of a chromosome type, specific for radiation, was higher in the workers of the village of Mladensk than in the workers of Ogor (p less than 0.05). Thus statistically significant differences in the rate of metabolic aberrations of a chromosome type were revealed in the two study groups with different radiation backgrounds. A high sensitivity of cytogenetic analysis for population biological indication of irradiation was shown.
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