Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to L D Zhang.
Ordered arrays of Bi/Sb superlattice nanowires with diameters of about 50 nm have been produced by pulsed electrodeposition technique into the pores of anodic alumina membrane (AAM). The structure of Bi/Sb superlattice nanowire can be modulated by controlling the electrodeposition conditions.
BACKGROUND: Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) is one of the most frequently used plasma substitutes. Some studies have indicated that HES may have anti-inflammatory effects. The present in vivo study was performed to investigate the effects of HES on hepatic production of cytokines and activation of transcription factors in sepsis. METHODS: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: rats challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (5 mg kg(-1)) and treated with saline (64 ml kg(-1)); challenged with LPS (5 mg kg(-1)) and treated with HES (16 ml kg(-1)); injected with saline and treated with HES (16 ml kg(-1)); and saline control. Each hepatic tissue was collected in groups of rats 2 h after induction of endotoxemia for determination of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha levels, TNF-alpha mRNA expressions, and nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB, activator protein (AP)-1 activities or 3 h after LPS challenge for IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 levels and the mRNA expressions. RESULTS: Endotoxemia was associated with significant increases in hepatic proinflammatory cytokine productions and transcription factor activities. HES significantly reduced the increased hepatic levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8 and the mRNAs in the endotoxemic rats. Similarly, HES could inhibit hepatic NF-kappaB and AP-1 activations. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that in sepsis HES may down-regulate hepatic inflammatory mediators production and these anti-inflammatory effects may act through inhibition of NF-kappaB and AP-1 activations.
Hexagonal cadmium selenide (CdSe) nanowires, with diameter around 20 nm, were synthesized using a simple vapor-phase growth. Silicon (Si) powder acts as a source material assisting the synthesis, which is very important to the formation of the CdSe nanowires. We also suggest that self-catalysis at the Cd-terminated (0001) surface, together with the assistance action of Si, leads to the formation of wire-like structures to be formed. Meanwhile, the assistance of Si is responsible for the fineness and uniformity of the CdSe nanowires. The possible growth mechanism of the CdSe nanowires is proposed, and the optical property of the as-grown CdSe nanowires is characterized.
A novel selenium form, nano red elemental selenium (Nano-Se) was prepared by adding bovine serum albumin to the redox system of selenite and glutathione. Nano-Se has a 7-fold lower acute toxicity than sodium selenite in mice (LD(50) 113 and 15 mg Se/kg body weight respectively). In Se-deficient rat, both Nano-Se and selenite can increase tissue selenium and GPx activity. The biological activities of Nano-Se and selenite were compared in terms of cell proliferation, enzyme induction and protection against free racial-mediated damage in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Nano-Se and selenite are similarly cell growth inhibited and stimulated synthesis of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx) and thioredoxin reductase (TR). When HepG2 cells were co-treated with selenium and glutathione, Nano-Se showed less pro-oxidative effects than selenite, as measured by cell growth. These results demonstrate that Nano-Se has a similar bioavailability in the rat and antioxidant effects on cells.
Ultrasonic irradiation of mesoporous silica soaked in a mixture of chloroauric acid and isopropanol for 120 min in Ar atmosphere at room temperature yielded Au/SiO2 mesoporous composite, which was characterized by high resolution transmission electron microscopy and optical absorption measurement. The structure of mesoporous silica after sonochemical preparation of gold (Au) nanoparticles within its pores was studied by nitrogen adsorption technique. It has been shown that the structural parameters, such as specific surface area (SSA), porosity (P), the mean pore diameter (lp) were increased significantly after ultrasonic irradiation. It is suggested that the collision of Au nanoparticles with pore walls and localized erosion induced by the asymmetric implosive collapse of cavities on the extensive liquid-solid interface that are responsible for the structural change in the mesoporous solid.
In this transcultural study of schizophrenic delusions among patients in Seoul, Shanghai and Taipei, we discovered that both the frequency and content of delusions differed among the three groups; and that these differences could perhaps be explained by varying sociocultural and political situations. Delusional themes that are sensitive to sociocultural or political situations include guilt, love/sex, religion, somatic damage, economy/business and politics. Delusions regarding longevity, love/sex, dysmorphophobia/dysosmophobia, religion or supernatural matters, and espionage/spy stories were most frequent in Seoul patients. Those in Taipei predominantly had delusions about possession, religion or supernatural matters, hypnotism, and mass media/computers. Shanghai patients often had delusions of poisons, being prickled by poisoned needles, their brain and viscera extracted and being a family member of political authorities.
OBJECTIVE: There were two aims: First, to compare children's rates of being battered in home, by peers, and by teachers among students between China and Korea, and second, to identify particular risk factors for such violence. METHODS: Children in grades four through six in Shanghai (238 cases) and Yanji (245 cases) in China and Seoul (248 cases) and Kimpo (241 cases) in Korea were surveyed by questionnaire method. They were asked to complete the Straus' Conflict Tactics Scale and their frequencies in the three situations respectively, and other demographic items. RESULTS: Family violence during the last 1 year was experienced in 70.6% (minor 42.2%; serious 22.6%) of the children in China and 68.9% (minor 9.4%; serious 51.3%) of those in Korea. Experience rates of violence by peers were 42.7% (minor 25.7%; serious 13.7%) in China and 26.0% (minor 11.5%; serious 14.3%) in Korea. Finally, rates of corporal punishment by teachers were 51.1% (minor 28.0%; serious 4.1%) in China and 62.0% (minor 8.8%; serious 43.8%) in Korea. The most important and common risk factor for violence in one situation was the presence of violence in another situation. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that the differences in children's overall experience rates were not particularly striking. However, Korean children experienced more severe forms of violence from family members and from teachers. Findings of risk factors clearly imply that there are children vulnerable to violence from multiple sources.
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38 cases of Oral and Maxillofacial masses were selected to be studied by MRI,combined with fine neddle aspiration cytologic examination,compared with CT scan.The authors thought that MRI was clear,high resolving power of soft tissue,able to find out the bone infiltration of the Oral Maxillofacial masses and hemangioma or lymphoangioma etc,those which were suspected to invade the crania base,tip of orbit,pterygopalatine fossa,parapharyngeal,the vital blood vessel of the neck,primary study on MRI supervising local recur after the maxillofacial tumors being resected was also done.
According to the theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), 50 patients with affective disorders were typed into the categories of depressed liver resulting in fire, mild Yang deficiency and mild Yin deficiency and were treated with Xiao Yao San Jia Wei. The results are 26 patients with marked improvement, 17 patients with improvement and 7 patients with no improvement.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy, safety, and acceptability of NORPLANT implants when used by Chinese women. METHODS: In a prospective, multicenter clinical trial, 10,718 women selecting NORPLANT implants were monitored semiannually for the first 2 study years and then annually through 5 years. Life table rates of pregnancy and other terminations were calculated, as were incidence rates of serious conditions leading to termination. RESULTS: The 5-year average annual pregnancy rate was 0.3 per 100 and the ectopic pregnancy rate was minimal, 0.09 per 1000 woman-years. Pregnancy rates correlated significantly with weight, but regardless of weight group, annual average pregnancy rates were less than one per 100. Younger women experienced higher pregnancy rates than did older users. Headache, myoma, dizziness, and weight gain led more frequently to termination than did other adverse events apart from menstrual disturbances. Mortality during use was 2.0 per 10,000 years, based on 44,954 years of experience. There were no cardiovascular or cerebrovascular deaths, and no deaths were attributable to NORPLANT use. Seventy-two per 100 initial acceptors used the implants continuously for 5 years. CONCLUSION: NORPLANT implants proved highly effective, safe, and acceptable among Chinese women regardless of province, age, or weight at admission.
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Comparisons between x-ray and B-mode ultrasonic examinations were carried out in 32 divers in both shoulders and both hips (128 comparisons in all). The x-rays showed dysbaric osteonecrosis (DON) in 46 sites; in 43 of these, the B-mode ultrasonogram result coincided with the x-ray finding. We suggest that B-mode ultrasonograms can depict the location, form, and size of the lesions. It is an easy, efficient, and noninvasive method of diagnosing DON, worthy of further investigation and application. Similar good agreement between x-rays and ultrasonograms was found with the now-obsolete A-mode technique.
In a prospective investigation of 164 cases of dysbaric osteonecrosis out of a total of 1269 hyperbaric workers, we found that lesions are apt to occur more frequently in some sites of the head and neck of the femur and humerus than in others. Defining the susceptibility of sites with radiographs has improved our ability to make early diagnoses because we are able to estimate the likelihood of a definite lesion of osteonecrosis developing. We have found that when the trabeculae in a susceptible site appear disordered or have translucent areas, the site often develops into osteonecrosis in a few years.
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The authors found that 73 (8.4%) of 866 patients with chronic schizophrenia in the Shanghai Psychiatric Hospital who had been treated with neuroleptics had tardive dyskinesia. This low prevalence rate is possibly ascribable to the use of relatively low doses of neuroleptics.