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Biomedical subjects

L DeSantis

Publications and source records attributed to L DeSantis.

53 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Sexual decision making in young black adolescent females.

Participant observation and a questionnaire guide were used to conduct in-depth interviews with five 14-year-old, black, pregnant or recently delivered girls to obtain a broad and detailed view of perceptions and interpretations of the factors that led to the initiation of sexual activity and the decision to maintain the pregnancy that resulted. Four key and several supporting factors that influenced the girls' sexual decisions emerged from the data. The key factors centered around the girls' attempt to establish a relationship based on trust, a belief in their lack of vulnerability to become pregnant, family structure, and their beliefs about the alternatives available once a pregnancy was confirmed. Some of the findings were consistent with those reported in the literature, while others were not. Further research is needed on the father of the infant as well as the mother of the adolescent girl to assess their perceptions of the factors they believe influence teenagers' sexual decisions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

The safety and efficacy of topical 1% ALO 2145 (p-aminoclonidine hydrochloride) in normal volunteers.

We prospectively evaluated the efficacy and safety of the twice-daily application of 1% ALO 2145 (p-aminoclonidine hydrochloride, a topical alpha 2-agonist) in 21 normal volunteers for one month. Criteria measured included intraocular pressure (IOP), basal tear secretion, pupillary size, corneal sensitivity, heart rate, and blood pressure; urinalysis and blood chemistry studies were also performed. The mean (+/- SD) IOP fell 38.7%, from 17.5 +/- 3.9 mm Hg to 10.7 +/- 3.4 mm Hg, in five hours. The mean IOP remained between 23% and 30% below the pretreatment level when checked 12 hours after the last drop's instillation from day 8 through day 28 of the study. No clinically significant changes in mean systolic blood pressure, blood chemistry values, urinalysis results, basal tear secretion, or corneal sensitivity were noted. The mean heart rate and diastolic blood pressure were each significantly decreased at only one of nine time intervals. Dry mouth was noted at some time in 52% of volunteers. ALO 2145 seems to be effective in lowering IOP in normal volunteers, without marked cardiovascular effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Parental attitudes toward adolescent sexuality: transcultural perspectives.

The problem of teenage pregnancy continues to impact private and public resources, affecting all socioeconomic and cultural groups. A key factor for nurse practitioners to consider when planning sex education programs is the differing parental attitudes toward teenage sexuality. These attitudes are especially important to keep in mind when dealing with parents from minority cultural groups, as these groups are often highly influential in determining the nature of adolescent sexual behavior and attitudes toward reproduction. A study of Cuban and Haitian child-rearing practices clearly demonstrates two divergent parental views of adolescent sexuality. Nurse practitioners must recognize these differing views, and individualize their approach, in order to develop culturally sensitive sex education programs for adolescents and their parents. Suggestions are provided for development of such programs for Cuban and Haitian parents and children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Effect of concurrent topical corticosteroid and NSAID therapy of experimental keratitis.

The ability of suprofen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, and prednisolone acetate, a corticosteroid, to suppress polymorphonuclear leukocyte invasion of the rabbit cornea during an experimental keratitis was evaluated following topical ophthalmic administration of either drug alone or both drugs concurrently. Suprofen therapy initiated immediately after induction of inflammation was ineffective. However, if suprofen therapy was begun 48 hr prior to the induction of inflammation, the drug was effective. In contrast, prednisolone acetate therapy begun after the induction of inflammation was effective; 48 hr of pretreatment with the corticosteroid produced a marked increase in its therapeutic effect. When administered according to the same regimen, concurrent therapy with suprofen and prednisolone acetate was significantly more effective than treatment with either drug alone. This result was obtained irrespective of whether concurrent therapy was initiated prior to or after the inflammatory event.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1986

Bioavailability and corneal anti-inflammatory effect of topical suprofen.

The bioavailability in rabbit cornea and aqueous humor of an ophthalmic formulation of suprofen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, was evaluated following topical administration of a single dose to the eye. The drug penetrated rapidly into the uninflamed cornea with intact epithelium; highest levels occurred during the first 30 to 45 min after instillation and decreased thereafter. The bioavailability of suprofen in cornea and aqueous humor following administration of a 1.0% concentration was twice that produced by a 0.5% concentration of the drug. Topical application of multiple doses of suprofen failed to suppress polymorphonuclear leukocyte invasion of the cornea if treatment was started after the induction of inflammation. Suprofen therapy initiated prior to the induction of corneal inflammation and maintained into the post-inflammation period did produce a significant (P less than 0.01) decrease in the numbers of PMNs that invaded the inflamed cornea. There was no significant difference (P greater than 0.05) in the corneal anti-inflammatory effect achieved by the 0.5% and 1.0% concentrations of suprofen when administered according to this regimen.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Developing faculty expertise in culturally focused care and research.

The faculty development program was designed to extend expertise in culturally focused nursing care and research. Its main purposes were to operationalize the concept of culture in clinical practice settings and to stimulate culturally focused nursing research. The program was an interdisciplinary collaborative effort with content grounded in anthropological concepts and research methods. Content was divided into four phases: concepts basic to culturally focused care; use of research findings in the clinical area; methodological issues in culturally focused research; and analysis of culturally focused research proposals. The program resulted in greater integration of the concept of culture into theory and practice and in the development of several funded research proposals.

Curriculum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Building healthy communities with immigrants and refugees.

Immigration fueled by large population shifts across international borders will be an ongoing phenomenon throughout the world for the foreseeable future. Forces raising concern for the development of healthy immigrant communities in the United States are the scapegoating of immigrants as the cause of many of the problems of society, a growing lack of tolerance for diversity, and the need for rapid acculturation. A construct of what constitutes healthy communities for immigrants is discussed. The construct is built around the concepts of convergent stereotyping, solidarity, and agency. To help build healthy communities, transcultural nurses must assist other nurses and health care providers to function from a transcultural posture to develop culture competence, reconceptualize how immigrants are viewed, avoid reductionism of the immigrant experience into a psycho-emotional phenomenon, and actualize human development as part of community development.

Community Health Nursing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The relevance of transcultural nursing to international nursing.

Does transcultural nursing as taught in United States' nursing education programmes adequately prepare US nurses for experiences in international health as they assist with the implementation of changes in another country's health care delivery system? That's the question posed by Lydia DeSantis, who is concerned that US nurses need a broader perspective of health care and culture in order to effect changes needed at the national level of policy and decisionmaking to meet the challenges of the Declaration of Alma-Ata. Her concerns about the focus of transcultural nursing are also relevant to INR's international readers, as it offers another perspective on how to persuade policymakers in their countries to reassess and initiate the health programmes needed to attain WHO's HFA goal.

Cross-Cultural Comparison↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Principles of transnational co-operation in nursing.

Four principles are integral to the successful development and implementation of co-operative transnational nursing projects: adaptation of the project to local and national contexts; operating through the counterpart concept; donor group commitment to the project; and recipient group commitment to the project. The major elements affecting adherence to these principles are described and discussed.

Culture↗