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Biomedical subjects

L Dyson

Publications and source records attributed to L Dyson.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Interventions for promoting the initiation of breastfeeding.

BACKGROUND: Despite the widely documented health benefits of breastfeeding, initiation rates remain relatively low in many high-income countries, particularly among women in lower income groups. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of interventions which aim to encourage women to breastfeed in terms of changes in the number of women who start to breastfeed. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group trials register (30 May 2004), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library, Issue 1, 2003) and the following databases from inception to October 2002: MEDLINE, CINAHL, ERIC, Applied Social Sciences, PsychLIT, EMBASE, British Nursing Index, BIDS, EPI-centre. We also searched the following in October 2002 for 'grey literature: 'SIGLE, DHSS Data, and Dissertation Abstracts. We handsearched the Journal of Human Lactation, Health Promotion International and Health Education Quarterly from inception to October 1998. We scanned reference lists of all articles obtained. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials, with or without blinding, of any breastfeeding promotion intervention in any population group except women and infants with a specific health problem. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: One review author independently extracted data and assessed trial quality for checking by a second author. We contacted investigators to obtain missing information. MAIN RESULTS: Seven trials involving 1388 women were included. Five trials involving 582 women on low incomes in the USA showed breastfeeding education had a significant effect on increasing initiation rates compared to routine care (relative risk (RR) 1.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25 to 1.88). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Evidence from this review shows that the forms of breastfeeding education evaluated were effective at increasing breastfeeding initiation rates among women on low incomes in the USA.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed2000

Characteristics of paediatric home care provision: the two dominant models in England.

AIM: To describe characteristics of paediatric home care teams BACKGROUND: Home care provision is increasing and recent government initiatives such as support for Princess Diana Memorial Fund nursing teams will provide additional impetus to universal provision. However, little is known about the characteristics of paediatric home care teams. METHOD: A postal survey of all services in England (n = 137) listed in the 13th edition of RCN 1996 Directory of Community Children's Nursing Services was undertaken. A response rate of 85.5% was achieved. FINDINGS: More than half (54.6%) of the teams had been founded after 1990. Most (72.2%) were managed through paediatric or child health directorates and most (77.8%) were based in hospitals. The size of teams varied enormously (range 1-22; median 3). Only a small (5.6%) minority of teams provided care at night although over a third (37%) reported making special arrangements for terminally ill children. CONCLUSION: The survey revealed two dominant models of paediatric home care: the community model with strong links to primary health care and other local provisions and the hospital outreach model with strong links to the hospital service. A number of weaknesses in current provision are identified: variability in geographical coverage; undesirably low core staffing numbers; poor 24-h coverage; and potentially compromised staff skills and knowledge. The need for research to clarify the strengths of the different models and their effectiveness is highlighted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

The role of the lecturer in the preceptor model of clinical teaching.

Preceptorship models of clinical teaching are becoming increasingly popular in undergraduate nursing education. According to the literature the role of the lecturer is very unclear in this model of clinical teaching. This article reports on a descriptive study undertaken within a school of nursing where the author was formerly employed. The study explored the role of the lecturer. The findings demonstrate the educational orientation of the lecturer role and also highlight the tension that continues to exist between the world of education and the world of practice.

Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate↗
PubMed1997

An ethic of caring: conceptual and practical issues.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the concept of an ethic of care. Caring as a concept has long been associated with nursing, but in more recent times there has been a strong move to promote an ethic of care as a fundamental concept of nursing. Literature and a personal perspective are used to explore the concept of an ethic of care. It is a premise of this paper that care should be taken that an ethic of care, as currently described, does not contribute to nurses' powerlessness in ethical decision-making in the clinical area. Issues that need to be addressed include the inadequate articulation of the concept to inform and guide practice, and also the emotively laden language utilized by some writers. It is concluded that an ethic of care shows promise to advance nursing knowledge and practice and requires increased research and dialogue to clarify the concept.

Altruism↗
PubMed1997

Advanced nursing roles: their worth in nursing.

Various factors have influenced the development of advanced nursing roles, including the quest for professional status and advances in medical science. Advanced nursing roles must be firmly based in a nursing philosophy and seek to improve patient care. Advanced nursing roles can benefit the individual nurse, the nursing profession, the consumer and the health-care organisation.

Health Services Needs and Demand↗
PubMed1989

Psychological predictors of adjustment by siblings of developmentally disabled children.

Psychological predictors of self-concept, behavior problems, and social competence of siblings of developmentally disabled children were identified and compared with those in matched siblings of nondisabled children. Subjects were 110 children (ages 8 to 15 years), 55 with a developmentally disabled younger sibling and 55 with a nondisabled sibling of the same age range as the disabled child (under 7 years). The subjects completed the child psychological measures that were analyzed in the context of family measures completed by the parents. Results show that distinct psychological predictors exist for children with developmentally disabled siblings, with parental stress and some dimensions of the family social environment being most significant.

Adolescent↗