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Biomedical subjects

L E Carmichael

Publications and source records attributed to L E Carmichael.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Canine brucellosis: newer knowledge.

Canine brucellosis is a worldwide disease of dogs characterized prinicpally by abortions in females and epididymitis and infertility in males. It originally was observed in the USA, but recently it has been discovered in Japan, Mexico, Peru, Germany and, possibly, in Brazil. It affects dogs of all breeds and has been diagnosed in breeding kennels and in stray dogs. Several human cases have occurred, with 6 being accidental infections by laboratory personnel. B. canis, like B. ovis, is naturally mucoid, lacking "S" antigens. Serological tests therefore are not appropriate to classification. On the basis of manometric technics, B. canis is similar to B. suis; nevertheless the host range excludes swine. Agreement on its taxonomic status is not universal, although it has been provisionally accepted by the Subcommittee on Taxonomy of Brucella as a new species. A brief review of salient characteristics of B. canis was presented, however the principal discussion focused on recently observed aspects of the immunopathogenesis of male infertility and reported the development of a rapid slide agglutination test, using as antigen a concentrated and stained (Rose Bengal dye) suspension of B. ovis.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1976

Canine herpes-induced retinal dysplasia and associated ocular anomalies.

Thirty-eight newborn Beagle puppies from eight litters of a specific pathogen-free colony maintained in isolation were inoculated with canine herpesvirus. Pups were killed between one and 30 days after inoculation. Histopathologic studies were carried out on the eyes and other tissues in conjunction with fluorescent antibody and viral isolation studies. Evidence of ocular inflammation manifested by panuveitis with the presence of intranuclear inclusion bodies was usually seen by the fourth day after infection. Eyes with severe inflammation showed peripheral anterior synechiae, cataract, and keratitis. The presence of the virus was confirmed by viral isolation from ocular tissues and fluorescent antibody studies. Developmental anomalies included retinal dysplasia with fold and tube formation of the neural retina, retardation of retinal maturation, and areas of necrosis and reorganization were seen. The retinal pigment epithelium showed initially patchy depigmentation and vacuolization and, subsequently, folding hypertrophy and duplication as well as areas of widespread atrophy and patchy loss. In some animals ectopic retina was found within cystic spaces of the optic nerve. These experiments confirm the ability of canine herpes infection in neonatal pups to produce severe ocular inflammation with subsequent retinal dysplasia and associated ocular anomalies.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Viral-antibody complexes in canine adenovirus type 1 (CAV-1)ocular lesions: leukocyte chemotaxis and enzyme release.

Canine adenovirus-type 1 (CAV-1)-antibody complexes caused severe anterior uveitis with corneal edema ("blue eye") when injected into the anterior chamber of normal dogs. The response of the anterior uvea to such immune complexes (IC) was similar to the spontaneously occurring disease. In the presence of complement (C'), IC caused release of neutrophile chemotactic factors. Following phagocytosis of IC-C' leukocytes released lysosomal enzymes, as indicated by the presence of acid phosphatase in the surrounding medium. Membrane bound viral aggregates, presumably IC, were common in neutrophiles and in macrophages that had infiltrated the anterior chamber of opaque eyes that occurred after intravenous (IV) inoculation with attenuated CAV-1. These data were incorporated into a postulated scheme for the pathogenesis of CAV-1 uveitis with corneal edema.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1975

Canine adenovirus type 2-induced immunity to two canine adenoviruses in pups with maternal antibody.

Twenty-four Beagle pups with high levels of maternal antibody to canine adenovirus type 1 (CAV-1) and canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2) were oronasally inoculated with CAV-2 at 4 weeks of age. The CAV-2 was isolated from pharyngeal swabs on postinoculation days 2 through 6. In spite of the infection, maternal antibody continued to decrease for 4 to 8 postinoculation weeks, and then homologous CAV-2 neutralizing antibody and, to a lesser extent, CAV-1 neutralizing antibody began to increase. When these pups were challenge inoculated with CAV-1 and CAV-2 at a time when maternal antibody to CAV-1 would normally have disappeared, they were immune. In addition, 3 pups with maternal antibody to CAV-1 and CAV-2 were intramuscularly inoculated with CAV-2 at 3 weeks of age. Virus was not isolated from these pups, and maternal antibody decreased at a normal rate. These pups were not immune to challenge inoculation with CAV-1 and CAV-2.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1973

Role of cell-mediated immunity in the recovery of cattle from primary and recurrent infections with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus.

When cattle infected with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV) were treated 3 months later with a synthetic corticosteroid, consistent recrudescence of the infection was observed. Suppression of cell-mediated immunity, as measured by lymphocyte transformation responses, could be demonstrated at the time of recrudescence. Treatment with adrenocorticotropic hormone and trigeminal neurotomy also resulted in recrudescence of IBRV, but immunosuppression was not detected in these animals. The detection of specific, antigen-induced, lymphocyte transformation responses at the time of recovery from both primary and recurrent infections suggests that cell-mediated immunity may be important in determining the duration and severity of the recurrent infection. However, immunosuppression may not be the direct mechanism of recrudescence. Lesions were not observed in untreated animals, and virus could not be detected in either tissues or secretions. However, both lesions and virus were found consistently after corticosteroid treatment.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1972

Identification of a canine adenovirus (infectious canine hepatitis virus) inhibitor in dog liver extracts as arginase.

Extracts of canine liver inhibited growth of infectious canine hepatitis (ICH) virus, a canine adenovirus. Purified extracts from mammalian, but not avian, liver tissue contained the inhibitor, and evidence is presented that the inhibitory factor is the enzyme arginase (arginine ureohydrolase). This study further emphasized the need for arginine in adenovirus growth and may explain some of the difficulties in isolating small amounts of ICH virus from suspensions of liver.

Adenoviruses, Canine↗