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Biomedical subjects

L E Cohen

Publications and source records attributed to L E Cohen.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

Prostaglandin infusion therapy for intermittent digital ischemia in a patient with mixed connective tissue disease. Case report and review of the literature.

Intermittent digital ischemia is frequently resistant to therapy despite various treatment modalities. Recent studies have reported the successful treatment of intermittent digital ischemia with prostaglandin infusion therapy. We present a severe case of intermittent digital ischemia associated with mixed connective tissue disease, responsive to prostaglandin E1 infusion therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Scleromyxedema: therapeutic response to isotretinoin in three patients.

Scleromyxedema is a rare type of papular mucinosis that exhibits a generalized lichenoid pattern. A wide variety of clinical manifestations can occur in patients with this disease. Cutaneous involvement is characteristic, but neurologic, cardiovascular, renal, neoplastic, and other systemic manifestations have been described. A monoclonal gammopathy may be present. Many treatment modalities have been used in the past for scleromyxedema. None, however, have shown consistently favorable results. This report concerns the cases of three patients with scleromyxedema who were treated with isotretinoin.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Hemodynamics and intrathoracic pressure transmission during controlled mechanical ventilation and positive end-expiratory pressure in normal and low compliant lungs.

PEEP can significantly reduce cardiac output. This reduction in cardiac output is frequently attributed to transmission of airway pressure to intrathoracic vascular structures. We designed an acute lung injury (ALI) model in swine (n = 7) characterized by low lung thorax compliance (CLT) and compared the fractional transmission of airway pressure to pleura (PPL) and pericardium (PPC) and hemodynamics to normal animals (n = 5) during controlled mechanical ventilation (CMV) and PEEP. Fractional transmission of PEEP to PPL and PPC was reduced significantly from 62 +/- 8% and 54 +/- 19 (SD)% to 34 +/- 7% and 36 +/- 9% in normal and ALI animals, respectively. End-inspiration tracheal pressure was significantly higher in the low compliant group; thus, cardiac output was equally depressed in both groups despite reduction in fractional airway pressure transmission in ALI animals, possibly because absolute inspiratory PPL and PPC were similar due to increased pressure required to inflate injured lungs. The results of this investigation do not support the presumption that low CLT blunts hemodynamic consequences of CMV and PEEP.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Granuloma annulare-like eruption due to chronic Epstein-Barr virus infection.

A 32-year-old woman afflicted with a severe, chronic Epstein-Barr virus (CEBV) infection of 12 months' duration developed an unusual, granuloma annulare-like eruption. The cutaneous disorder, which paralleled the clinical course of her disease, was characterized by slightly raised, erythematous, annular lesions predominantly involving the face and arms, with sporadic involvement elsewhere. Histopathologic examination of biopsy material obtained from affected skin disclosed a granulomatous dermatitis. The patient's symptoms and cutaneous eruption resolved after systemic corticosteroid therapy. This eruption may represent a distinct cutaneous component of CEBV infection with clinically granuloma annulare-like features or the mere serendipitous association of CEBV infection and an unusual granulomatous dermatitis. Because of the unusual clinical appearance of the eruption and its clear correlation with disease activity, we speculate that it likely represents a distinct cutaneous condition, heretofore unreported, caused by CEBV infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Folliculitis decalvans--response to rifampin.

Folliculitis decalvans is a rare follicular inflammatory disease of the scalp. It is characterized by initial perifollicular inflammatory changes followed by peripheral extension and eventual circumscribed patches of cicatricial alopecia. The disease is known for its resistance to treatment, resulting in an unfavorable prognosis. The cause of the disease is unknown, although a bacterial etiology is postulated. We report a classic case that was temporized with various antibiotics and only subsequently resolved after ten weeks of therapy with rifampin. The patient has remained free of disease for more than one year. We present a brief review of the cicatricial alopecias and discuss rifampin therapy for this condition.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

High- and low-affinity receptors regulate platelet responses to phorbol diesters and teleocidin.

We examined binding of 3H-phorbol dibutyrate (3H-PDBu) to gel filtered human platelets (GFP) and discovered that GFP possess two classes of receptors for phorbol diesters (PDE). High-affinity (HA) receptors, approximately 5000/GFP, bound 3H-PDBu with an apparent dissociation constant (KD) of approximately 12 nM. Low-affinity receptors were approximately 5 times more numerous (2.4 X 10(4)/GFP) and had a 10-fold lower affinity for 3H-PDBu (apparent KD = 115 nM). The potencies of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and PDBu paralleled their binding affinities to the PDE receptors. Teleocidin (Tel), although structurally distinct from PDE, competed with 3H-PDBu for its HA-receptors (KI Tel = 1.9 nM). Binding of PDE to HA- or LA- receptors was rapid, reversible, saturable and stereospecific. The HA- and LA-receptors modulated different platelet responses. HA-receptors regulated the secretion of beta-thromboglobulin from alpha-granules and the release of N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminidases from lysosomes. LA-receptors mediated both platelet aggregation and the release of serotonin from dense granules. This is the first demonstration of two physiologically active classes of PDE/Tel receptors in human platelets, and demonstrates that particular platelet responses may be directed by distinct classes of receptors for specific agonists.

Binding, Competitive↗
PubMed1985

The dermatologic exam.

This article provides a comprehensive approach to the patient presenting with dermatologic concerns. Emphasis is placed on the unique aspects of skin disease with regard to history and physical exam. Illustrations to demonstrate primary and secondary lesions, shape and configuration of the lesion, and regional distribution or pattern of involvement have been included. In addition, aids to diagnosis and instructions for slide preparations, patch testing, and performing skin biopsies are presented.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1984

Common and uncommon cutaneous findings in patients with ataxia-telangiectasia.

This series describes some common and uncommon cutaneous findings in twelve patients with ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T). All patients had the characteristic telangiectasia as described previously. However, the telangiectases did not conform to a classic photodistribution . Our series did include one patient with a pathologic reaction to light-simulating hydroa aestivale or vacciniforme . In addition, there were three patients with acanthosis nigricans in two unrelated families. Vitiligo, impetigo, recurrent herpetic gingivostomatitis, hirsutism, lipoatrophy, gray hair, progeroid changes and hyper- and hypopigmented macules were noted in our patients. Many of our patients had one or more caf'e au lait like-lesions in a dermatomal distribution. In addition, several of the family members showed one or more café au lait-like lesions, suggesting the possibility that this finding may represent a phenotypic expression in the skin of carriers of this cancer-prone syndrome.

Acanthosis Nigricans↗
PubMed1983

Specific binding of [3H]phorbol dibutyrate to phorbol diester-responsive and -resistant clones of a human myeloid leukemia (KG-1) line 1.

Phorbol diesters induce macrophage-like differentiation in KG-1 and HL-60 human acute myelogenous leukemia cell lines. We developed a cloned subline of KG-1, known as KG-1a, that does not differentiate when exposed to phorbol diesters. Both KG-1 and KG-1a cells have a single class of specific high-affinity receptors for labeled phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate with a mean Kd of 1.47 +/- 0.10 (S.E.) X 10(-8) M and 0.85 +/- 0.20 X 10(-8) M for the sensitive parental KG-1 line and the resistant KG-1a subline, respectively (p less than 0.025). The number of [3H]phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate binding sites (mean +/- S.E.) per cell was 3.85 +/- 0.98 X 10(5) and 3.94 +/- 0.31 X 10(5) on KG-1 and resistant KG-1a cells, respectively. We observed no significant decrease of specific binding with time (down regulation) in either KG-1, KG-1a, or HL-60 cells, suggesting that down regulation of specific phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate binding is not critical to induction of differentiation. Our data also confirm that the presence of specific high-affinity phorbol receptors on leukemic cells does not assure that phorbol diesters can trigger their differentiation.

Cell Differentiation↗